Self-reported inner speech relates to phonological retrieval ability in people with aphasia

Fama, Mackenzie E.; Henderson, Mary P.; Snider, Sarah F.; Hayward, William; Friedman, Rhonda B.; Turkeltaub, Peter E.

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.03.005

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A sensory phonology score was computed as the average of accuracies on syllable counting and rhyme judgment tasks of words presented auditorily via headphones. 55 For syllable counting, the participant heard 30 pre-recorded words presented simultaneously with a picture of the target and was instructed to select the number of syllables contained within the word (1, 2 or 3). For rhyme judgment, the participant heard 40 pairs of pre-recorded monosyllabic words and was asked to indicate whether the words rhymed (yes/no).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two types of phonological reading impairment in stroke aphasia

Dickens

DeMarco

Stelt

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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Alexia is common in the context of aphasia. It is widely agreed that damage to phonological and semantic systems not specific to reading causes co-morbid alexia and aphasia. Studies of alexia to date have only examined phonology and semantics as singular processes or axes of impairment, typically in the context of stereotyped alexia syndromes. However, phonology in particular is known to rely on subprocesses, including sensory-phonological processing, motor-phonological processing, and sensory-motor integration. Moreover, many people with stroke aphasia demonstrate mild or mixed patterns of reading impairment that do not fit neatly with one syndrome. This cross-sectional study tested whether the hallmark symptom of phonological reading impairment, the lexicality effect, emerges from damage to a specific subprocess of phonology in stroke patients not selected for alexia syndromes. Participants were 30 subjects with left-hemispheric stroke and 37 age- and education-matched controls. A logistic mixed effects model tested whether post-stroke impairments in sensory phonology, motor phonology, or sensory-motor integration modulated the effect of item lexicality on patient accuracy in reading aloud. Support vector regression voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping localized brain regions necessary for reading and for non-orthographic phonological processing. Additionally, a novel support vector regression structural connectome-symptom mapping method identified the contribution of both lesioned and spared, but disconnected, brain regions to reading accuracy and non-orthographic phonological processing. Specifically, we derived whole-brain structural connectomes using constrained spherical deconvolution-based probabilistic tractography and identified lesioned connections based on comparisons between patients and controls. Logistic mixed effects regression revealed that only greater motor-phonological impairment related to lower accuracy reading aloud pseudowords versus words. Impaired sensory-motor integration related to lower overall accuracy in reading aloud. No relationship was identified between sensory-phonological impairment and reading accuracy. Voxel-based and structural connectome lesion-symptom mapping revealed that lesioned and disconnected left ventral precentral gyrus related to both greater motor-phonological impairment and lower sublexical reading accuracy. In contrast, lesioned and disconnected left temporoparietal cortex related to both impaired sensory-motor integration and reduced overall reading accuracy. These results clarify that at least two dissociable phonological processes contribute to the pattern of reading impairment in aphasia. First, impaired sensory-motor integration, caused by lesions disrupting left temporoparietal cortex and structural connections, non-selectively reduces accuracy in reading aloud. Second, impaired motor-phonological processing, caused at least partially by lesions disrupting left ventral premotor cortex and structural connections, selectively reduces sublexical reading accuracy. These results motivate a revised cognitive model of reading aloud that incorporates a sensory-motor phonological circuit.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sensory-motor integration score was measured as accuracy on pseudoword repetition. 55 Sixty pre-recorded pseudowords (1–3 syllables long) were presented once via headphones, and the subject was instructed to repeat aloud what they heard. Accuracy on the first attempt was scored.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two types of phonological reading impairment in stroke aphasia

Dickens

DeMarco

Stelt

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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“…Note, however, that some studies have shown an imperfect correlation between inner and outer speech abilities in people with aphasia (Geva, Jones, et al, 2011; Levine et al, 1982). The precise relationship between the two—and the extent to which one may be better preserved than the other in people with aphasia—remains a matter of ongoing investigation (Fama et al, 2019; Fama, Hayward, Snider, Friedman, & Turkeltaub, 2017; Stark et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methods For Investigating Inner Speechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner speech

Langland‐Hassan

2020

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Inner speech travels under many aliases: the inner voice, verbal thought, thinking in words, internal verbalization, “talking in your head,” the “little voice in the head,” and so on. It is both a familiar element of first‐person experience and a psychological phenomenon whose complex cognitive components and distributed neural bases are increasingly well understood. There is evidence that inner speech plays a variety of cognitive roles, from enabling abstract thought, to supporting metacognition, memory, and executive function. One active area of controversy concerns the relation of inner speech to auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia, with a common proposal being that sufferers of AVH misidentify their own inner speech as being generated by someone else. Recently, researchers have used artificial intelligence to translate the neural and neuromuscular signatures of inner speech into corresponding outer speech signals, laying the groundwork for a variety of new applications and interventions. This article is categorized under: Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Philosophy > Consciousness Philosophy > Psychological Capacities

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“…These show something like the converse of the above anecdotal accounts. That is, individuals with preserved inner speech, possibly without preserved production, exist in a relatively typical state of extended consciousness with awareness of their deficits (Fama et al, 2019a;Fama and Turkeltaub, 2020;Feinberg et al, 1986;Geva et al, 2011;Hayward et al, 2016;Sierpowska et al, 2020).…”

Section: Neurobiologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A voice without a mouth no more: The neurobiology of language and consciousness

Skipper¹

2021

Preprint

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Most research on the neurobiology of language ignores consciousness and vice versa. Here, language and inner speech are proposed to cause and sustain self-awareness and meta-self-awareness, i.e., extended consciousness. Converging empirical evidence supporting this proposal is reviewed and explanatory mechanisms are described. The latter are embedded in a ‘HOLISTIC’ model of the supporting neurobiology that involves a ‘core’ set of inner speech production regions that initiate conscious ‘overhearing’ of words. These have an affective quality deriving from activation of associated sensory, motor, and emotional representations, involving a largely unconscious dynamic ‘periphery’, distributed throughout the whole brain. This is the basis for inner conversations, involving ‘default mode’ activation and prefrontal and thalamic/brainstem selection of contextually relevant responses. Entrenched patterns of connectivity in these networks form the basis of diminished wellbeing and mental health problems. Overall, this framework constitutes a more parsimonious and complete account of the ‘neural correlates’ of extended consciousness than existing models that consider language peripherally if at all and provides a viable mechanistic account of psychotherapy.

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Self-reported inner speech relates to phonological retrieval ability in people with aphasia

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Two types of phonological reading impairment in stroke aphasia

Two types of phonological reading impairment in stroke aphasia

Inner speech

A voice without a mouth no more: The neurobiology of language and consciousness

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