Self‐reported skin colour and erythemal sensitivity vs. objectively measured constitutive skin colour in an <scp>A</scp>frican population with predominantly dark skin

Wright, Caradee Y.; Wilkes, Marcus; Plessis, Johan du; Reeder, Anthony I.

doi:10.1111/phpp.12191

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although a study was carried out in an urban setting in South Africa on office workers to determine their skin colour, no study has been carried out in a rural setting at relatively high latitude and altitude in South Africa. 22 This study aims to evaluate the subjective and objective skin colour of a group of farmworkers in the Limpopo Province of South Africa in order to classify the natural photoprotection of the farmworkers. The correlation of the subjective self-reported classification of skin colour and the two objective measurement methods is also reported.…”

Section: 15°s and Part Of It Falls In The Area Between The Equatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective and objective skin colour of a farmworker group in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Linde

Wright

Plessis

2020

Skin Research and Technology

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Background: Farmworkers in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, are at risk of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (sUVR) due to both their work and the sUVR environment in the geographic area. However, the natural protection provided by this group's skin against sUVR has not been quantified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the subjective and objective skin colour of a group of farmworkers in order to classify the natural photoprotection provided by melanin and to evaluate the different measurement methods. Materials and Methods: Skin colour was established by using the subjective Fitzpatrick skin phototype system (FST) questionnaire and two objective methods, namely the individual typology angle (ITA°) and melanin index (MI). A total of 71 farmworkers participated in the study. Results: Black Africans tended to perceive their skin to be lighter than objectively measured, potentially due to cultural factors. The constitutive skin colour of most farmworkers was objectively classified in the FST V/brown group. Significant differences were found between the ITA° and MI of sun-exposed (constitutive) and non-sun-exposed (facultative) skin in Black African and White farmworkers. A strong correlation was found between ITA° and MI on different anatomical positions indicating both methods are appropriate to determine skin colour in deeply pigmented skin. Conclusion: The evaluation of skin colour with the use of both subjective and objective methods may be used to design an effective photoprotection programme for farmworkers in the Limpopo Province.

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Section: 15°s and Part Of It Falls In The Area Between The Equatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective and objective skin colour of a farmworker group in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Linde

Wright

Plessis

2020

Skin Research and Technology

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“…Eight respondents from SA were unsure of their skin color, but this is not unexpected given the range of dark skin colors of people living in this country . Consequently, only those 50 South Africans who identified their skin color as black were included in the analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunburn and sun protection in black skin

2019

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Background People with black skin are much less susceptible to sunburn than white‐skinned individuals, yet there are scarce data on self‐reported incidence of sunburn and sun protection measures in people with deeply‐pigmented skin. Method An on‐line survey tool was used to collect self‐assessed data about demographic variables, sunburn incidence, and use of sun protection modalities. Results Two‐thirds of respondents with black skin living in the UK claimed never to have been sunburnt; a much higher proportion than those living in South Africa and Nigeria where 34 and 46%, respectively, reported never experiencing sunburn. Similar results were seen in the reported use of sun protection measures between the countries with two‐thirds of black people living in the UK claiming they never used any form of sun protection compared with about one‐third of Black Africans. Black people living in the UK were more likely to use sunscreen as a form of sun protection, whereas sunscreen was the least popular modality in the two African countries with shade being the most common form of limiting sun exposure. Conclusion The findings provide some insight into the complexities of skin color perception, incidence of sunburn, and sun protection use among people with deeply‐pigmented skin living in three countries with large differences in the solar UV environment.

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“…As part of this evolution, the original 4 skin types (I-IV), which assessed sun reactivity with standardized questions about the ease of sun burning and tanning reactions to the first exposure in the summer, were modified by adding SPT V and VI to include those with brown and black skin [1] . Our research demonstrated that the modifications to include people with skin of color were neither culturally sensitive nor accurate, as people of color were unable to respond to the questions of sunburn and tanning [20][21][22] . People with deep pigmentation of the skin did not report turning red or pink but rather experienced "irritation" after sun exposure [20][21][22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our research demonstrated that the modifications to include people with skin of color were neither culturally sensitive nor accurate, as people of color were unable to respond to the questions of sunburn and tanning [20][21][22] . People with deep pigmentation of the skin did not report turning red or pink but rather experienced "irritation" after sun exposure [20][21][22]. Another limitation of the six Roman numeral Fitzpatrick SPT integers was the reliance upon a history of sunburn after the first exposure of summer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital dermoscopy to determine skin melanin index as an objective indicator of skin pigmentation

et al. 2016

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Clinical assessment of skin photosensitivity is subjectively determined by erythema and tanning responses to sunlight recalled by the subject, alternatively known as Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype (SPT). Responses may be unreliable due to recall bias, subjective bias by clinicians and subjects, and lack of cultural sensitivity of the questions. Analysis of red-green-blue (RGB) color spacing of digital images may provide an objective determination of SPT. This paper presents the studies to assess the melanin index (MI), as determined by RGB images obtained by both standard digital camera as well as by videodermoscope, and to correlate the MI with SPT based upon subjects' verbal responses to standardized questions administered by a dermatologist.A sample of subjects representing all SPTs I-VI was selected. Both the digital camera and videodermoscope were calibrated at standard illumination, light source and white balance. Images of constitutive skin of the upper ventral arm were taken of each subject using both instruments. The studies showed that 58 subjects (20 M, 38 F) were enrolled in the study (mean age: 47 years; range: 20-89), stratified to skin phototype I-VI. MI obtained by using both digital camera and videodermoscope increased significantly as the SPT increased (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and positively correlated with dermatologist-assessed SPT (Spearman correlation, r = 0.48 and r = 0.84, respectively). Digital imaging can quantify melanin content in order to quantitatively approximate skin pigmentation in all skin phototypes including Type VI skin. This methodology holds promise as a simple, non-invasive, rapid and objective approach to reliably determine skin phototype and, with further investigation, may prove to be both practical and useful in the prediction of skin cancer risk.

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Self‐reported skin colour and erythemal sensitivity vs. objectively measured constitutive skin colour in an African population with predominantly dark skin

Abstract: Background: Skin colour is an important factor in skin-related diseases. Accurate

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Subjective and objective skin colour of a farmworker group in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Subjective and objective skin colour of a farmworker group in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Sunburn and sun protection in black skin

Digital dermoscopy to determine skin melanin index as an objective indicator of skin pigmentation

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