Self-reports of trauma and dissociation: An examination of context effects

Lemons, Peter; Lynn, Steven Jay

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.06.009

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, it is subject to the same biases (e.g., social desirability, consistency effects) as other self-report instruments, and the role of these potential influences should be better explored. Likewise, there is the need to further investigate the possible role of overreporting on eccentric items (Merckelbach, Boskovic, Pesy, Dalsklev, & Lynn, 2017) and context effect s, which may artifactually increased correlations among measures as a function of administering the measures in the same test context (Lemons & Lynn, 2016). Finally, future studies should take great care to ensure that item overlap does not artificially inflate correlations among certain measures with transliminality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and reevaluation of the Revised Transliminality Scale.

Lange¹,

Houran²,

Evans³

et al. 2019

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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To facilitate continued research on the transliminality construct, we revisited Lange, Thalbourne, Houran, and Storm’s (2000) Revised Transliminality Scale (RTS) to examine its conceptual foundations and validity. Keyword searches in several academic databases revealed many multidisciplinary studies that collectively align with the idea that transliminality is related to syncretic cognitions involving unconscious-conscious processing. A psychometric check of the RTS (N = 577), similar to the original Rasch analyses, found that four questions had significant item drifts, suggesting that respondents’ interpretations of these items exhibited cultural dependency effects. However, these item drifts did not significantly bias the Rasch scoring scheme. Our review supports the RTS as a robust tool for use in consciousness studies, and particularly calls for new, more sophisticated research designs that explore the leading hypothesis that transliminality is best modeled in terms of neuroplasticity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and reevaluation of the Revised Transliminality Scale.

Lange¹,

Houran²,

Evans³

et al. 2019

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

Self Cite

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“…Germane to this are also context effects, which may occur when measures of symptoms are administered in close proximity by the same researcher or clinician in the same session (Council, 1993; Lemons & Lynn, 2016). The first measures may lower the threshold for responding affirmatively to later symptom measures, either because people may want to appear consistent in how they present themselves or because the earlier tests create an availability bias when respondents later try to disambiguate vague symptom items.…”

Section: Sequence Of Items and Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Patients Overreport Symptoms: More Than Just Malingering

Merckelbach

Dandachi-FitzGerald

Helvoort

et al. 2019

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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Some mental-health patients exaggerate their symptoms. Clinicians and laypeople often interpret this symptom overreporting as a sign of malingering (Martin, Schroeder, & Odland, 2015; Thompson, Lin, & Parsloe, 2018), a label with negative connotations such as dishonesty and antisocial traits. These connotations are also evident in how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) portrays malingering. According to the DSM-5, the defining feature of malingering is the intentional overreporting of symptoms, motivated by financial or legal benefits. However, whereas malingerers will engage in symptom overreporting, not everyone who overreports symptoms is a malingerer. When this is overlooked, misunderstandings may arise. Consider, as an example, a widely used test called the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS; Smith & Burger, 1997). The SIMS asks respondents to indicate whether or not they suffer from atypical symptoms; for example, "Sometimes I lose all feeling in my hand so that it is as if I have a glove on." Using the SIMS, a clinician may test whether, relative to normative data, a patient endorses a heightened number of atypical symptoms. If so, the patient is said to overreport symptoms, and questions can be raised 837681C DPXXX10.

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“…In the present research, we did not assess, or control for, order and context effects. Lemons and Lynn (2016) found that the relation between dissociation and trauma was stronger when the measures were administered together, and proposed that participants' self-perceptions are influenced by expectations instilled by exposure to the mass media, which presents dissociation as closely linked with trauma. In our research, all variables were assessed in the same experimental context; thus, the strength of the relationships obtained might have been inflated.…”

Section: Strengths Limitations and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumination and dissociation: The mediating role of poor sleep quality and presleep cognitions.

Vannikov-Lugassi¹,

Soffer‐Dudek²

2018

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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Rumination and dissociation are considered maladaptive cognitive-emotional responses to distress, which prevent its proper processing. The goal of the study was to explore the relationship between rumination and dissociation and possible mechanisms responsible for it. We hypothesized that rumination may exert influence on dissociation via four possible mediators: distress, perceived mental control, repetitive cognitive style, and poor sleep quality. Study 1 was conducted on a sample of 93 undergraduate students and pointed to a central role of sleep in this relationship. Study 2 included 218 undergraduate students and aimed to (a) replicate the results of Study 1 and (b) focus on the sleep factor and explore the role of bedtime strategies for dealing with negative thoughts. Both studies point to sleep quality as the central factor responsible for the positive link between rumination and dissociation. The repetitiveness and the negative valence of rumination predict poor sleep quality, which in turn predicts higher levels of dissociative experiences. We also found that ruminative individuals who cope with intrusive thoughts at bedtime using maladaptive and rigid strategies (aggressive suppression, behavior distraction and worry) slept poorly and reported more dissociative symptoms. We conclude that rumination and dissociation are linked through the disturbed cycle of wake and sleep states and impaired flexibility in transitioning between them. Implications for clinicians and researchers are discussed.

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Self-reports of trauma and dissociation: An examination of context effects

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

A review and reevaluation of the Revised Transliminality Scale.

A review and reevaluation of the Revised Transliminality Scale.

When Patients Overreport Symptoms: More Than Just Malingering

Rumination and dissociation: The mediating role of poor sleep quality and presleep cognitions.

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