“…The self-similar scaling constants Λ and D have been determined empirically and are equal to ≅ 5.2 x 10 17 and ≅ 3.174, respectively. 2,3 The value of Λ D is 1.70 x 10 56 . Different cosmological Scales are designated by the discrete index Ψ (≡ …, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, …) and the Atomic, Stellar and Galactic Scales are usually assigned Ψ = -1, Ψ = 0 and Ψ = +1, respectively.…”