Self-stigma, quality of life and schizophrenia: An outpatient clinic survey in Nigeria

Mosanya, Temilola J; Adelufosi, Adegoke Oloruntoba; Adebowale, Olaolu T; Ogunwale, Adegboyega; Adebayo, Olaide K

doi:10.1177/0020764013491738

Cited by 71 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Most participants in our study reported experiencing various forms of discrimination, labelling, insult and feelings of low self-worth because of their diagnosis of schizophrenia. These results are similar to a study from Nigeria that found a high level of self-stigma among outpatients with schizophrenia [66]. The matter of self-stigma also has important implications for health service managers.…”

Section: Stigma and Discrimination Compounded By Socio-cultural Beliefssupporting

confidence: 87%

An ethnography exploring the quality of life of people living with schizophrenia in Zimbabwe: Implications for health service policy and practice

Chidarikire¹,

Cross

Skinner

et al. 2019

Preprint

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BackgroundSchizophrenia is a complex and severe mental disorder affecting more than 20 million people worldwide. Although understanding peoples' experiences of living with an illness is core to assessment, planning and delivering culture specific health care, little is known about the experiences of people living with schizophrenia in resource-poor countries. This article reports on a study that explored the everyday lives of eighteen people living with schizophrenia in Zimbabwe and its impact on their quality of life. MethodsThis focused ethnography was conducted over a three-month period in 2015. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, non-participant observational fieldwork, and the short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Interview data were digitally recorded, transcribed and translated from Shona (local language) to English. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to analyse questionnaire data. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using an established framework. ResultsSurvey data indicate internal consistency in the psychological and social relationships domains and poor quality of life for people aged 20-40. The major factors related to quality of life were: age, gender, family dislocation: living with stigma and discrimination; and limited and variable access to treatment and support. Obtaining and paying for antipsychotic medications were challenging and female participants recounted experiencing gender-based stigma. ConclusionsFindings from our study suggest that age, gender, family dislocation, stigma, discrimination, and variable limited access to affordable medications and support undermine quality of life by disrupting participants' ability to function in socially acceptable ways, their sense of belonging and self-worth, and family, work and social relations. Strengthening access to mental health services, addressing the affordability and availability of medications and initiatives to alleviate stigma and promote a sense of 3 belonging, especially for younger adults and women should be a priority for government and health service providers. Further research on managing mental health issues such as schizophrenia in Zimbabwe, should focus on initiatives to strengthen quality of life. Background Mental disorders, including schizophrenia, account for 5 per cent of the total burden of disease, 19 per cent of all disability in Africa [1] and exert an enormous financial, caring and support burden on the individual, family and community [2, 3]. The majority of those seeking help are unable to access treatment [2, 4, 5]. The urgent need for mental health service improvement and provision in all sectors including at country level, has been widely reported [6-9]. However, there is a paucity of literature concerning the experiences and quality of life of people living with schizophrenia in Zimbabwe. Schizophrenia is a complex and debilitating mental disorder that affects a person's thinking, emotions, language, behaviour and sense of self....

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Section: Stigma and Discrimination Compounded By Socio-cultural Beliefssupporting

confidence: 87%

An ethnography exploring the quality of life of people living with schizophrenia in Zimbabwe: Implications for health service policy and practice

Chidarikire¹,

Cross

Skinner

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High perceptions of self-stigma in individuals with mental disorders have been reported across cultures. The few reports from Africa are not dissimilar to those from elsewhere [38, 44]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A multinational review of its validation studies reported good reliability and validity, including the Yoruba and Swahili versions [36], A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 for internal reliability and a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.92 have been demonstrated for the tool [25]. It has also been used in several studies in Africa [37, 38) with a Cronbach’s apha of 0.84 and a test retest reliability coefficient of 0.86 in a Nigerian population [37]. Each item on the scale is scored from 1 to 4 likert scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explanatory model of psychosis: impact on perception of self-stigma by patients in three sub-saharan African cities

Makanjuola

Esan

Oladeji

et al. 2016

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Stigma was assessed by three well-validated instruments (ISMIS, EMIC and P-scales), used in earlier studies on stigma with schizophrenia[2930313233] and including in India for stigma with mental as well as physical illnesses. [34] With some overlap, these scales evaluate different aspects of stigma experienced by patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma and its correlates in patients with schizophrenia attending a general hospital psychiatric unit

Singh

Mattoo

Grover

2016

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background:Very few studies from India have studied stigma experienced by patients with schizophrenia.Aim of the Study:To study stigma in patients with schizophrenia (in the form of internalized stigma, perceived stigma and social-participation-restriction stigma) and its relationship with specified demographic and clinical variables (demographic variables, clinical profile, level of psychopathology, knowledge about illness, and insight).Materials and Methods:Selected by purposive random sampling, 100 patients with schizophrenia in remission were evaluated on internalized stigma of mental illness scale (ISMIS), explanatory model interview catalog stigma scale, participation scale (P-scale), positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia, global assessment of functioning scale, scale to assess unawareness of mental disorder, and knowledge of mental illness scale.Results:On ISMIS scale, 81% patients experienced alienation and 45% exhibited stigma resistance. Stereotype endorsement was seen in 26% patients, discrimination experience was faced by 21% patients, and only 16% patients had social withdrawal. Overall, 29% participants had internalized stigma when total ISMIS score was taken into consideration. On P-scale, 67% patients experienced significant restriction, with a majority reporting moderate to mild restriction. In terms of associations between stigma and sociodemographic variables, no consistent correlations emerged, except for those who were not on paid job, had higher participation restriction. Of the clinical variables, level of functioning was the only consistent predictor of stigma. While better knowledge about the disorder was associated with lower level of stigma, there was no association between stigma and insight.Conclusion:Significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia experience stigma and stigma is associated with lower level of functioning and better knowledge about illness is associated with lower level of stigma.

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Self-stigma, quality of life and schizophrenia: An outpatient clinic survey in Nigeria

Abstract: This study revealed that self-stigma was common among subjects with schizophrenia. It is associated with poor treatment outcome, highlighting the need to incorporate stigma intervention strategies into mental health care delivery.

Cited by 71 publications

References 48 publications

An ethnography exploring the quality of life of people living with schizophrenia in Zimbabwe: Implications for health service policy and practice

An ethnography exploring the quality of life of people living with schizophrenia in Zimbabwe: Implications for health service policy and practice

Explanatory model of psychosis: impact on perception of self-stigma by patients in three sub-saharan African cities

Stigma and its correlates in patients with schizophrenia attending a general hospital psychiatric unit

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