Self-supplied water in Indonesia: recent spatial and socio-demographic conditions and its future development

Abstract

Indonesia is currently on track in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Goal 6. In clean water provision, many regions, especially urban areas, are facilitated by both state-owned and private-owned water utility companies. However, the coverage of these public and private clean water providers is still limited. Many households in areas not covered with formal clean water provisions secure their needs with self-supplied clean water provisions. Many works of literature show that self-supplied clean water can be an alternative to the unequal, slow and even failed public provision of water services. However, there has been little research in Indonesia that attempts to examine the current self-supplied water managed by communities. Thus, this paper explores the provision of self-supplied water at the household level using the 2018 SUSENAS data. This paper will develop two categories of households based on the source of clean water both in rural and urban areas and explore several other categories (based on administrative and geographical characteristics). The purpose of this research is to show the potential of self-supplied water in various regions in Indonesia to support the government’s strategy and progress in achieving universal access to clean water by 2030.

The Effectiveness of Community Participation in Urban Water Supply: A Narrative Review

“…Interestingly, some authors consider self-supply water provision or self-sufficient water management at the household level as an essential method [28,33,34]. Self-supply water provision is an alternative method of water management that may serve as a primary or sole source of clean water or as a complement or substitute of piped water system [34].…”

“…Cahyadi et al studied self-supplied clean water as an alternative approach for areas not covered by either the pipeline water system or community-based water supply in Indonesia [33]. The study contended that the self-supply system is lesser-known water governance in Indonesia that tends to be excluded from the discussion of water supply and yet practiced by many.…”

“…The study contended that the self-supply system is lesser-known water governance in Indonesia that tends to be excluded from the discussion of water supply and yet practiced by many. Almost 90% of DKI Jakarta households used self-supplied water, improved and unimproved [33]. Thus, ignoring the self-supply method would likely lead to the tragedy of the commons [31].…”

Analysis and Strategy for Providing Clean Water to the Surrounding Community in the Muara Angke Area

“…However, clean water will be tough to obtain if an event occurs, the number decreases, and various other factors. As a result, humans will find it difficult to get clean water, so it is difficult to do daily activities, such as drinking, cooking, and washing (Cahyadi et al, 2020) [3]. Data World Resources Institute (WRI) in the matter of the freshwater resources owned by each country in the world, Indonesia is ranked 51 st with a high level of crisis risk (High 40-80% chance) (Jaan et al, 2020) [4].…”