Self-Sustaining Forest

Petrokas, Raimundas

doi:10.15666/aeer/1504_409426

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…However, how can forest managers, conservationists, and researchers help forest ecosystems maintain optimum stability? One avenue is to concentrate efforts to undertake vulnerability and risk assessments that feed into action plans toward managing native tree species [ 26 ]. For example, in the United States of America, the Forest Tree Genetic Risk Assessment System (ForGRAS) is used to rank forest tree species for a number of primary risk factors including population structure, rarity, regeneration capacity, dispersal ability, habitat affinity, genetic variation, pest and pathogen threats, and climate change pressure [ 4 , 33 ].…”

Section: General Suggestions For Forest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Successional Categorization of European Hemi-boreal Forest Tree Species

Petrokas

Baliuckas

Manton

2020

Plants

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Developing forest harvesting regimes that mimic natural forest dynamics requires knowledge on typical species behaviors and how they respond to environmental conditions. Species regeneration and survival after disturbance depends on a species’ life history traits. Therefore, forest succession determines the extent to which forest communities are able to cope with environmental change. The aim of this review was to i) review the life history dynamics of hemi-boreal tree species in the context of ecological succession, and ii) categorize each of these tree species into one of four successional development groups (gap colonizers, gap competitors, forest colonizers, or forest competitors). To do this we embraced the super-organism approach to plant communities using their life history dynamics and traits. Our review touches on the importance and vulnerability of these four types of successional groups, their absence and presence in the community, and how they can be used as a core component to evaluate if the development of the community is progressing towards the restoration of the climatic climax. Applying a theoretical framework to generate ideas, we suggest that forests should be managed to maintain environmental conditions that support the natural variety and sequence of tree species’ life histories by promoting genetic invariance and to help secure ecosystem resilience for the future. This could be achieved by employing harvesting methods that emulate natural disturbances and regeneration programs that contribute to maintenance of the four successional groups.

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Section: General Suggestions For Forest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, harvesting or thinning a forest stand will inevitably be followed by changes in the soil profile, vegetation, and life occurrence [ 9 ]. Generally, the dynamics of forest communities can be controlled by a set of ecologically invariant life-history traits of tree species turnovers [ 9 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successional Categorization of European Hemi-boreal Forest Tree Species

Petrokas

Baliuckas

Manton

2020

Plants

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“…In mathematics, symmetries have the peculiar status of being both invariant and invariant-preserving transformations, which is why a fractal, being a highly nontrivial representation of the two fundamental symmetries of nature, dilation (r → ar) and translation (r → r + b), exhibits self-similarity or pattern integrity-the retention of copies of itself on a hierarchy of scales [19,[31][32][33][34][35]. In other words, a fractal is known as expanding symmetry or evolving symmetry [36].…”

Section: Fractal Forestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In woodland habitat modelling, tree species form the basis of the parameters used to represent a range of component species within a particular process-pattern of the events of self-organisation and to derive a network. Moreover, unlike the action of seasons and natural disasters, long-term change in the composition of communities is brought about by the activities of living organisms which themselves inhabit the environment [19]: "Many of our rarest species are associated with ancient trees and only occur where there has been a continuous cover of old trees back through time on the site" [125]. For these reasons, the use of measures that account for the Red Queen dynamics of interacting populations of the component species that form the continuous cover of trees through time on the site may provide new ways to monitor succession and test the efficacy of specific interventions to modify the disturbance-related changes in successional process properties: robustness, fitness and inclusiveness (Table 1) [21,120,122,[126][127][128][129][130][131][132].…”

Section: Successional Species Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is more, the fundamental principle underlying the theory of invariance is that the laws of nature always have the same form for all observers [17]. This leads to a reconsideration of the traditional approach to forests focused on long-term dynamics in favour of a successional approach [18][19][20][21][22], which has emerged from the recognition that "even intense natural disturbances leave biological legacies and spatial heterogeneity in the new forest, which contrasts with the simple and homogeneous environment that is often the outcome of traditional harvesting practices, particularly clear-cutting" [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest Climax Phenomenon: An Invariance of Scale

Petrokas

2020

Forests

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We can think of forests as multiscale multispecies networks, constantly evolving toward a climax or potential natural community—the successional process-pattern of natural regeneration that exhibits sensitivity to initial conditions. This is why I look into forest succession in light of the Red Queen hypothesis and focus on the key aspects of ecological self-organisation: dynamical criticality, evolvability and intransitivity. The idea of the review is that forest climax should be associated with habitat dynamics driven by a large continuum of ecologically equivalent time scales, so that the same ecological conclusions could be drawn statistically from any scale. A synthesis of the literature is undertaken in order to (1) present the framework for assessing habitat dynamics and (2) present the types of successional trajectories based on tree regeneration mode in forest gaps. In general, there are four types of successional trajectories within the process-pattern of forest regeneration that exhibits sensitivity to initial conditions: advance reproduction specialists, advance reproduction generalists, early reproduction generalists and early reproduction specialists. A successional trajectory is an expression of a fractal connectivity among certain patterns of natural regeneration in the multiscale multispecies networks of landscape habitats. Theoretically, the organically derived measures of pattern diversity, integrity and complexity, determined by the rates of recruitment, growth and mortality of forest tree species, are the means to test the efficacy of specific interventions to avert the disturbance-related decline in forest regeneration. That is of relevance to the emerging field of biocomplexity research.

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Self-Sustaining Forest

Cited by 2 publications

References 77 publications

Successional Categorization of European Hemi-boreal Forest Tree Species

Successional Categorization of European Hemi-boreal Forest Tree Species

Forest Climax Phenomenon: An Invariance of Scale

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