Self-Template Synthesis of NaCrO₂ Submicrospheres for Stable Sodium Storage

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are the appropriate alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for the large-scale energy storage applications because of the abundant resources and wide distribution of sodium on earth. O3-NaCrO2 is a promising cathode material for SIBs due to its stable structure and low-cost raw materials. In this paper, we design and synthesize a powder consisting of submicrometer-sized O3-NaCrO2 spheres (s-NaCrO2) self-assembled with nanoflakes, which exhibits faster ion migration ability and strong structure robustness. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique test reveals the higher apparent Na+ diffusion coefficient of s-NaCrO2 when compared with a normal NaCrO2 powder with an irregular particle morphology. The s-NaCrO2 shows impressive electrochemical properties with a capacity of 90 mAh g–1 at 50 C. In addition, outstanding cycling stability is shown when tested at 20 C, where a capacity of 90 mAh g–1 is maintained with a retention of 87% after 1500 cycles. Also, s-NaCrO2 is advantageous at high (50 °C) and low (−10 °C) temperatures. The full cells assembled employing Sb/C as the anode exhibit good rate capability with 85 mAh g–1 obtained at 50 C.

Expanded solid-solution behavior and charge-discharge asymmetry in NaxCrO2 Na-ion battery electrodes

“…Similar observations have been made in previous studies [19,29,49,50]. It is noted that this shoulder is not reported to have any relationship to irreversibility, as this potential range is known for extreme cycling reversibility [29,51,52].…”

Recent Progress of Promising Cathode Candidates for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Current Issues, Strategy, Challenge, and Prospects

“…These variations in elemental composition contribute to the diverse electrochemical properties and performance of layered oxides. Initially, layered oxides Na x CoO 2 , [64][65][66] Na x CrO 2 , [67][68][69][70] Na x MnO 2 , [71][72][73][74] and α-NaFeO 2 , [75][76][77] etc., were indentified suitable as host materials for Na þ ions insertion/extraction in SIBs. [78] However, Na x MO 2 with a single transition metal element was later recognized that were unable to fulfill the comprehensive requirements necessary for efficient energy storage.…”

Prussian‐blue materials: Revealing new opportunities for rechargeable batteries

“…12 Prussian-blue materials with an open-framework structure possess a fast diffusion rate for a variety of ions compared with transition-metal oxides and polyanionic compounds for rechargeable batteries. [13][14][15] Herein we focus on the electrochemistry of Prussian-blue materials with special emphasis on the recent progresses and challenges of their application in rechargeable batteries working with a variety of monovalent and multivalent metal cations.…”

“…However, the application of Prussian‐blue materials in rechargeable batteries did not receive as much attention as the rapid development of other electrode candidates until the recent demonstration of rechargeable batteries with Prussian‐blue cathodes in both aqueous and aprotic electrolytes having a remarkable performance 12 . Prussian‐blue materials with an open‐framework structure possess a fast diffusion rate for a variety of ions compared with transition‐metal oxides and polyanionic compounds for rechargeable batteries 13–15 . Herein we focus on the electrochemistry of Prussian‐blue materials with special emphasis on the recent progresses and challenges of their application in rechargeable batteries working with a variety of monovalent and multivalent metal cations.…”