Self‐transcendence among adults 65 years and older: A meta‐analysis

Abstract

Introduction Self‐transcendence is a human capacity for wellbeing by expanding one's personal boundaries and may act as a health‐promoting resource among adults ≥65 years. Therefore, the objectives of this meta‐analysis were to determine the mean score of self‐transcendence based on place of residence and gender, and to evaluate the correlations of self‐transcendence with meaning, sense of coherence, resilience and depression. Methods Based on inclusion criteria, 13 studies were included. Orwin Safe N and Egger's test assessed publication bias. The mean score of self‐transcendence and the correlation coefficients of the selected variables were estimated by random effects models. Results The self‐transcendence mean score (n = 1634) was low (M = 43.6) and a bit lower among those staying in care facilities (M = 42.8), but did not vary significantly across gender. The correlation coefficients were self‐transcendence_depression (r = −0.40), self‐transcendence_meaning‐in‐life (r = 0.53), self‐transcendence_resilience (r = 0.50) and self‐transcendence_sense of coherence (r = 0.28). The correlation coefficients, except for meaning‐in‐life, were homogeneous. Conclusion In a health‐promoting perspective, the concept of self‐transcendence can help to better understand wellbeing among older individuals and provide guidance for health professionals in facilitating wellbeing and health. The concept and theory of self‐transcendence can inspire health professionals in realising new health‐promoting approaches to support older individuals in maintaining health, wellbeing and independency.

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