Self-unawareness of levodopa induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Behavioural and neuroimaging correlates of impaired self-awareness of hypo- and hyperkinesia in Parkinson's disease

“…This result is in contrast to findings by Amanzio et al (Amanzio et al, 2010;Amanzio et al, 2014), who report preserved awareness of hypokinesia in the OFF-state using a global index instrument. Differences in the methodological evaluation of ISAm are likely to account for these contrasting findings.…”

“…While LID are typically induced by dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) and therefore appear in the medication ON-state, the characteristic parkinsonian motor deficits, i.e., hypo-/bradykinesia and resting tremor, are most pronounced during the medication OFF-state. Since ISAm is observed for hypo-and dyskinesia, and since ISAm for both can be observed independently from each other (Amanzio et al, 2010;Amanzio et al, 2014), differential neurobiological mechanisms may underlie ISAm of LID and ISAm of hypokinesia/tremor in PD.…”

“…Due to its appearance in the ON-state, ISAm of LID (ISAm-LID) has previously been related to deficits in executive functioning due to a dopaminergic overstimulation of mesocorticolimbic circuits (Amanzio et al, 2010;Amanzio et al, 2014;Leritz, Loftis, Crucian, Friedman, & Bowers, 2004;Vitale et al, 2001). Especially a dysfunction in action monitoring, related to the medial prefrontal -ventral striatal circuit including the anterior cingulate cortex, has been suggested to be associated with ISAm-LID (Amanzio et al, 2010;Amanzio et al, 2014).…”

“…Especially a dysfunction in action monitoring, related to the medial prefrontal -ventral striatal circuit including the anterior cingulate cortex, has been suggested to be associated with ISAm-LID (Amanzio et al, 2010;Amanzio et al, 2014). Similarly, differences in the evaluation of intended versus actual movements have been suspected to underlie ISAm-LID (Jenkinson et al, 2009).…”

Impulse control disorder and response-inhibition alterations in Parkinson’s disease. A rare case of totally absent functionality of the medial-prefrontal cortex and review of literature

“…1Structural MRI image (T1-weighted sequence) and fMRI results for the contrast nogo vs go conditions were shown. Maps were thresholded at p < 0.05 cluster-level corrected using a small volume correction [SVC] with a sphere of 10 mm radius centered on ACC according to the coordinates reported in Palermo et al [18] and Amanzio et al [19].…”