SEM and shrinkage analyses of Southern Pine wood following pyrolysis

Cutter, Bruce E.; Cumbie, B. G.; McGinnes, E. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00584041

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In sample 2, SI Figure S2-2, tubules are shown to remain intact, which correlates well that a large pore size distribution is seen in the gas sorption method above. McGinnes and Beall described similar SEM images which showed the disappearance of cell wall layers based on temperature and time (19,20). a Average percentages of two analyses, with the exception of % loss on drying, which is from a one-time analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Characterization of Biochars Produced from Cornstovers for Soil Amendment

Lee

Kidder

Evans

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

418

163

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Through cation exchange capacity assay, nitrogen adsorption−desorption surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopic imaging, infrared spectra and elemental analyses, we characterized biochar materials produced from cornstover under two different pyrolysis conditions, fast pyrolysis at 450 °C and gasification at 700 °C. Our experimental results showed that the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the fastpyrolytic char is about twice as high as that of the gasification char as well as that of a standard soil sample. The CEC values correlate well with the increase in the ratios of the oxygen atoms to the carbon atoms (O:C ratios) in the biochar materials. The higher O:C ratio was consistent with the presence of more hydroxyl, carboxylate, and carbonyl groups in the fast pyrolysis char. These results show how control of biomass pyrolysis conditions can improve biochar properties for soil amendment and carbon sequestration. Since the CEC of the fastpyrolytic cornstover char can be about double that of a standard soil sample, this type of biochar products would be suitable for improvement of soil properties such as CEC, and at the same time, can serve as a carbon sequestration agent. Through cation exchange capacity assay, nitrogen adsorption-desorption surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopic imaging, infrared spectra and elemental analyses, we characterized biochar materials produced from cornstover under two different pyrolysis conditions, fast pyrolysis at 450°C and gasification at 700°C. Our experimental results showed that the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the fastpyrolytic char is about twice as high as that of the gasification char as well as that of a standard soil sample. The CEC values correlate well with the increase in the ratios of the oxygen atoms to the carbon atoms (O:C ratios) in the biochar materials. The higher O:C ratio was consistent with the presence of more hydroxyl, carboxylate, and carbonyl groups in the fast pyrolysis char. These results show how control of biomass pyrolysis conditions can improve biochar properties for soil amendment and carbon sequestration. Since the CEC of the fastpyrolytic cornstover char can be about double that of a standard soil sample, this type of biochar products would be suitable for improvement of soil properties such as CEC, and at the same time, can serve as a carbon sequestration agent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Characterization of Biochars Produced from Cornstovers for Soil Amendment

Lee

Kidder

Evans

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

418

163

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“…For charcoal, individual measurement of the fiber wall was not possible ( Figure 1). As reported by Cutter et al (1980), after a certain carbonization temperature, the walls of the fibers merge, making it impossible to see the boundary between the cells. Pereira et al (2016) also observed such homogenization of the layers of pyrolyzed Eucalyptus cell walls at 450 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Anatomy of Charcoal and Carbonization Effect under Eucalyptus Fibers’ Dimensions

et al. 2020

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The anatomy of wood and charcoal was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in three radial positions of E. urophylla and E. Grandis in different diameter classes at six years. The carbonization process was given in the muffle with an average rate of 0.5 °C increment per minute, using initial temperature of 150 °C and maximum of 450 °C. It was observed that the pore diameter presented higher values in the samples obtained in the internal position. The diameter classes of the trees almost did not influence the characteristics of the fibers. In the external position (close to the shell) fibers with higher values of cell wall thickness and smaller values of lumen diameter and width were identified. The fiber lumen diameter was not affected by the wood carbonization process, whereas the cell wall thickness and fiber width were reduced.

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“…The longitudinal shrinkage varied from 6.5% to 24% and the transversal shrinkage varied from 12% to 35% (Mac Ginnes et al, 1971;Beall et al, 1974;Moore et al, 1974;Schweingrüber, 1978;Slocum et al, 1978;Cutter et al, 1980;Rossen and Olson, 1985;Stimely and Blankenhorn, 1985;Braadbaart and Poole, 2008;Braadbaart et al, 2009;McParland et al, 2010). Under specific conditions, the carbonisation leads to the appearance of radial cracks (Zicherman, 1981;Alvin, 1983, 1986;Avat, 1991;Thinon, 1992;Prior and Gasson, 1993;Scott et al, 2000;Théry-Parisot, 2001;Kumar et al, 2006;McParland et al, 2007;Pastor-Villegas et al, 2007).…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%