SEM Observations and Differential Scanning Calorimetric Studies of New and Sterilized Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments

Cyclic Fatigue Testing and Metallographic Analysis of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments

“…ESEM, EDS, and optical microscope analysis were performed on these inclusions. The inclusions are assumed to be essentially titanium carbides and NiTi oxides (Ti 4 Ni 2 O x ) formed during vacuum melting of NiTi alloy in a graphite crucible (20,21). Because inclusions in NRT files are much more concentrated and smaller than those in the other models, this may suggest differences in the manufacturing method.…”

Alteration in the inherent metallic and surface properties of nickel–titanium root canal instruments to enhance performance, durability and safety: a focused review

“…Studies have indicated that following sterilization, there appears to be a decrease in the cutting efficiency of the instrument, an increase in the depth of surface irregularities and surface roughness, and evidence of crack initiation and propagation (Mize et al. 1998, Alexandrou et al. 2006, Valois et al.…”

Influence of Electrochemical Polishing on the Mechanical Properties of K3 Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments

“…The interpretation of the fracture process can be based on the fractographic patterns established to the torsional and flexural loadings acting separately or under mixed loading modes (15). Another point to be mentioned is that these instruments are machine-made, and a large quantity of defects and superficial irregularities can originate from this process (16,17). These defects can act as stress concentrators favorable to crack initiation and fracture.…”