Sem Observations on Indented Rings

Ohtani, Jun; Fukazawa, Kazumi; Fukumorita, Tomonori

doi:10.1163/22941932-90001038

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Trabeculae were described in tracheids of conifers having indented rings (Grosser 1986;Ohtani et al 1987). Trabeculae, first described by Sanio (Sanio 1863cited in Larson 1994, may be defined as wall projections that partially to completely cross the lumina of diverse xylem cells, including tracheids and vessel elements (Fink 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution to the fine anatomy and histochemistry of birdseye sugar maple

Rioux¹,

Yamada²,

Simard³

et al. 2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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Light and transmission electron microscope observations of birdseye tissues in sugar maple revealed the following features in the xylem: inclined axial elements, vessels smaller and shorter than the ones found in adjacent normal xylem, occasional gaps between xylem cells, abnormal thickenings of vessel secondary walls, and absence of multiseriate rays. Histochemical and cytochemical tests also indicated that birdseye xylem was less lignified than adjacent normal xylem. When this figure appeared in more than five consecutive growth rings, collapsed and hypertrophied cells were observed at the beginning of rings. These abnormal cells seemed to show that cambial initials were injured at the start of the growing season. The injury apparently occurred following a pressure exerted on a group of fibres present in the inner bark, very close to the cambium. After forming these unusual cells, the cambium resumed production of more typical elements. In birdseye tissues, the phloem layer was reduced and rays showed many anomalies. These anatomical changes may have induced poor translocation of nutrients to the cambium, eventually leading to abnormal differentiation of xylem derivatives. High levels of ethylene may have stimulated phellogen activities that could have generated a pressure toward the cambium. Future studies on birdseye formation are also suggested. Résumé :Les observations en microscopie photonique et microscopie électronique à transmission ont révélé les caractéristiques suivantes chez le bois piqué de l'érable : des éléments longitudinaux inclinés, des vaisseaux plus courts et de diamètres inférieurs à ceux présents dans le xylème normal, occasionnellement des trous entre les cellules, des épaississements inhabituels de la paroi secondaire des vaisseaux et une absence de rayons multisériés. Les tests histochimiques et cytochimiques ont révélé que le bois piqué était moins lignifié que le bois normal. Lorsque les mouchetures étaient observées sur plus de cinq cernes de croissance consécutifs, des cellules affaissées et hypertrophiées étaient observées au début des cernes. Ces cellules anormales suggèrent que les initiales du cambium ont été endommagées. Ce dommage a apparemment été causé par une pression exercée sur un groupe de fibres localisées tout près du cambium. Le cambium a recommencé par la suite à former des éléments du xylème plus normaux. Cette pression venant de l'écorce pourrait avoir contribué à produire un phloème plus mince et des rayons montrant des anomalies, le tout ayant probablement affecté directement la translocation d'éléments nutritifs vers le cambium et, concurremment, la différenciation des éléments du xylème. De fortes concentrations d'éthylène pourraient avoir stimulé le fonctionnement du phellogène et avoir ainsi généré une pression vers le cambium. Des études additionnelles sur la formation de ces mouchetures sont aussi suggérées. Rioux et al. 958

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(D. Rioux, unpublished results), and in conifers such as Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière (Chafe 1969;Hoadley 1990;Ohtani et al 1987), Pinus banksiana Lamb., and Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the fine anatomy and histochemistry of birdseye sugar maple

Rioux¹,

Yamada²,

Simard³

et al. 2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…Greater differences in tracheid dimensions between the indented and non-indented zones of hazel wood were found following a cambial zone injury (Lev-Yadun and Aloni 1991). Tracheids in marginal zones of the indented annual growth rings were observed to be distorted in a radial direction (Ziegler and Mertz 1961) and, simultaneously, slightly distorted tangentially (Ohtani et al 1987). Furthermore, the occasional occurrence of a bordered pit was noted on the tangential cell walls of earlywood tracheids (Ohtani et al 1987;Ziegler and Mertz 1961), as was the frequent occurrence of trabeculae (Grosser 1986;Ohtani et al 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Tracheids in marginal zones of the indented annual growth rings were observed to be distorted in a radial direction (Ziegler and Mertz 1961) and, simultaneously, slightly distorted tangentially (Ohtani et al 1987). Furthermore, the occasional occurrence of a bordered pit was noted on the tangential cell walls of earlywood tracheids (Ohtani et al 1987;Ziegler and Mertz 1961), as was the frequent occurrence of trabeculae (Grosser 1986;Ohtani et al 1987). The rays present in the non-indented wood are mostly uniseriate and rarely biseriate, but the indented parts of annual growth rings show also multiseriate rays (Yaman 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hazel wood formation can be found in many conifer species, such as Picea abies (Nocetti and Romagnoli 2008;Schultze and Gotze 1986;Ziegler and Mertz 1961), Picea sitchensis (Fukazawa and Ohtani 1984;Ohtani et al 1987), Pinus jeffreyi (Ziegler and Mertz 1961), Pinus halepensis (Lev-Yadun and Aloni 1991), Pinus taeda (Tsoumis 1968), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Tsoumis 1968), Cryptomeria japonica (Imamura 1981), and Cedrus libani (Yaman 2007). Tracheids in the peripheral zones and occasionally in the central regions of the indented annual growth rings become distorted and twisted and tend to have varying lengths and widths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The onset of hazel wood formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stems

Račko

Kačík

Mišíková

et al. 2018

Annals of Forest Science

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Key message Fungal infection was outlined as a potential reason for the onset of indented annual growth ring formation during the juvenile phase of hazel wood growth. Annual growth ring indentations resulted from the formation of disturbed zones which originated solely in close proximity to leaf traces. Context Hazel wood is an abnormal type of woody tissue that is formed as a result of exogenous stimuli that may trigger long-term responses in the cambium. Cambial responses produce anatomical alterations in the surrounding xylem tissue that can be observed as an indentation of annual growth rings. The chemical profiles of lignan hydroxymatairesinol may provide an indication of its possible role in the protection of a living tree against the spread of a fungal or microbial infection at the onset of indentation. Aims The objectives of this study were to reveal the anatomical differences in the altered woody tissue of Picea abies hazel wood at both the onset and the later stages of annual growth ring indentation and to determine the chemical profiles for hydroxymatairesinol upon elicitation by a fungal infection in the disturbed zones. Methods Light and scanning electron microscopy observations were carried out on radial, tangential, and cross sections of hazel wood zones separated from P. abies stems. Concentrations of hydroxymatairesinol were determined for both the disturbed zones and the non-indented zones using a gradient high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The formation of disturbed zones was accompanied by significant changes in both the direction and width of the tracheids which produced an abnormal formation of intertwined and twisted tracheids. Fungal hyphae, radial cell wall cracks, and unusually large cross-field pitting were all found in the tracheids of the disturbed zones. Conclusion The content of hydroxymatairesinol in the acetone extract determined from the disturbed zones was 3.4 times greater than that present in the non-disturbed tissues. By means of vascular dysfunction in the leaf traces, host trees responded to the fungal infection by plugging the lumens of conductive leaf trace tissue and filling the vascular pathway with polyphenolic compound deposits.

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Polycentric vascular rays in Suaeda monoica and the control of ray initiation and spacing

Lev‐Yadun

Aloni

1991

Trees

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Sem Observations on Indented Rings

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Contribution to the fine anatomy and histochemistry of birdseye sugar maple

Contribution to the fine anatomy and histochemistry of birdseye sugar maple

The onset of hazel wood formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stems

Polycentric vascular rays in Suaeda monoica and the control of ray initiation and spacing

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