Semantic and cultural equivalence of the Intergenerational Exchanges Attitude Scale (IEAS)

Abstract

Introduction: Understanding the multidimensionality of attitudes originating from exchanges between different generations is fundamental for the establishment of intergenerational cooperation and the reduction of stereotypes and prejudices. Objective: To obtain the semantic and cultural equivalence of the Intergenerational Exchanges Attitude Scale (IEAS). Method: Two translators translated the scale from English into Portuguese. A third translator synthesized these two translations. The synthesized version was backtranslated into English. From the observations of the initial and back translations, a semantic version of the scale was consolidated, which was applied to 32 professionals who developed intergenerational activities (elderly/children) and activities directed at elderly persons only. Following application, a version of the scale that was culturally adapted for the Portuguese language was obtained. Results: The scale was alterered due to cultural refinement, with differences in the following items: 4) around and near; 6) overprotective and highly protective; 8) be around and to want to get close to; 11) earn and obtain; 13) have warm relationships and to relate affectionately; 17) affection and fondness; 18) form a good team and are good companions; 20) feel sick and get irritated. The responses used are evaluative statements of positive or negative attitudes about the exchanges that take place between children and the elderly, based on a Likert scale of just five points. Conclusion: The Intergenerational Exchanges Attitude Scale (IEAS) has been adapted and validated for the Brazilian population and is known as the "Escala de Atitudes em relação a Trocas Intergeracionais" (Scale of Attitudes in Relation to Intergenerational Exchanges) (EATI). It can be a useful tool for programs featuring activities involving children and the elderly, as well as for professionals working and developing strategies in this field.

Attitudes of elderly persons and professionals towards intergenerational exchanges

“…The Brazilian version of the Intergenerational Exchanges Attitude Scale (IEAS) created by Stremmel et al 18 , based on Likert type items, was used. The IEAS underwent a process of semantic and cultural validation ranging from greatest concordance (5) to greatest discordance (1) 19 . The validation process of the IEAS was performed previously and, in light of the convergent and construct validity, the 23 items were allocated into three factorial domains, shown in Chart 1 below.…”

Representações Sociais De Cuidadores De Idosos Brasileiros E Portugueses Sobre O Cuidar

“…A necessidade de auxílio em atividades diárias antes realizadas com destreza e facilidade pode ser justificada pelo próprio processo de envelhecimento. Modificações corporais advindas com o envelhecer, como o declínio da função muscular, fragilidades, risco aumentado de quedas e outras tantas, intimamente influenciadas pelo estabelecimento das enfermidades, tendem a dificultar a rotina do idoso e reduzir a sua capacidade funcional (TARALLO, 2016;FRANK;RODRIGUES, 2016). Desta forma, a capacidade funcional é um importante marcador do bem-estar e da saúde dos idosos e diz respeito à condição que o indivíduo possui para realizar as suas atividades de vida diária.…”

“…Em algumas famílias, estas transferências de ajuda funcionarão melhor que em outras, pois seu desempenho aproxima-se da qualidade das redes que foram construídas durante a vida (GUERRA et al, 2017). Ou seja, a convivência intergeracional pode atuar como um fator positivo ou negativo, tendo em vista a conjuntura em que foi concebida, se sustentada a partir de alianças e solidariedade ou de exclusão e conflitos (TARALLO, 2016;RABELO;NERI, 2015).…”

Children's attitudes towards aging people-validation of an instrument

“…However, developing and improving instruments that measure and evaluate children's attitudes towards the elderly is essential. These will allow a better understanding of how the image of ageing develops in childhood and the promotion of effective intervention programs to reduce negative stereotypes (Mendonça et al, 2018;Tarallo et al, 2016).…”