Semantic and Phonemic Verbal Fluency Discrepancy in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Potential Predictor of Progression to Alzheimer's Disease

Vaughan, Roisin M.; Coen, Robert F.; Kenny, Rose Anne; Lawlor, Brian A.

doi:10.1111/jgs.15294

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We did not observe significant interactions between Group × Evaluation time in any of the measures; longitudinal patterns of increase, decline or stability were therefore similar in all groups, independently of the stage of cognitive impairment. Direct comparison of these findings is not possible, due to the lack of longitudinal research on ToT; however, our findings on semantic fluency are consistent with those reported by Vaughan et al (2018), who did not find significant differences in semantic fluency (animals) between MCI patients who progressed to AD and MCI non-progressors in a follow-up study with a mean duration of 2.46 years. Pakhomov et al (2016) also did not find any differences in semantic fluency between MCI and AD participants in a longer longitudinal design, although differences between the cognitively unimpaired group and both MCI and AD groups were reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Semantic fluency was also significantly more impaired in the MCI worsened patients than in the other two groups. As performance in fluency tasks rely on the successful semantic and phonological processes, this finding further confirms that semantic access is not as good as phonological access in differentiating the stages in the continuum between unimpaired cognition and dementia (Juncos-Rabadán et al, 2013;Vaughan et al, 2018). In addition, semantic fluency remained stable during the evaluation times, and even increased slightly (although not statistically significantly), suggesting that it is not a good predictor of worsening cognitive status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Longitudinal Patterns of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon in People With Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2020

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Background: The Tip-of-the-Tongue (ToTs) state is considered a universal phenomenon and is a frequent cognitive complaint in old age. Previous cross-sectional studies have found that ToT measures successfully discriminate between cognitively unimpaired adults and adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to identify longitudinal patterns of ToTs in individuals with subjective complaints and with MCI regarding progress of their cognitive status. Method: The study included 193 participants with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and 56 participants with MCI who completed a baseline and two followup assessments, with an interval of about 18 months between each assessment. Participants were classified into three groups by considering cognitive stability or deterioration from the baseline diagnosis: SCC-stable, MCI-stable and MCI-worsened. Participants performed a ToT task involving recognition and naming of famous people depicted in 50 photographs. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were used to model longitudinal changes in familiarity, feeling of knowing, semantic access, phonological access and verbal fluency. Results: Phonological access differentiated MCI patients, stable and worsened, from adults with SCCs at all evaluation times. Phonological access declined over time in the three groups, without significant interactions between groups and time. Discussion: This study provides the first longitudinal evidence of differences in ToT measures for adults with MCI. The findings indicate that phonological access measures successfully differentiated between the diagnostic groups. However, slopes remain irrespective of the diagnostic group and progression toward more advance stages of cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Longitudinal Patterns of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon in People With Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2020

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“…However, as recognized by Lamar et al (2013) and as demonstrated by the recent findings of Vaughan et al (2016Vaughan et al ( , 2018, inclusion in a test protocol of a semantic fluency task that can then function as a contrast with phonemic fluency has real potential to add value to the screening for MCI and dementia. Previously, Carew et al (1997) had found that the capacity to use semantic organizational strategies was relatively intact in patients with ischemic vascular dementia (VD) compared to patients with AD.…”

Section: Verbal Fluency Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they noted no significant differences between VD and AD participants in terms of overall number of words generated on the "animals" semantic fluency task, they concluded that the performance of VD participants was consistent with search-retrieval deficits, while for AD participants degraded semantic knowledge likely underpinned poor performance (Carew et al, 1997). Thus, consideration of both phonemic and semantic fluency, and the discrepancy scores between these tasks can assist differentiating between normal and pathological subtypes of cognitive aging (Lamar et al, 2013;Vaughan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Verbal Fluency Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marrying Past and Present Neuropsychology: Is the Future of the Process-Based Approach Technology-Based?

et al. 2020

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A cognitive assessment strategy that is not limited to examining a set of summary test scores may be more helpful for early detection of emergent illness such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may permit a better understanding of cognitive functions and dysfunctions in those with AD and other dementia disorders. A revisit of the work already undertaken by Kaplan and colleagues using the Boston Process-Approach provides a solid basis for identifying new opportunities to capture data on neurocognitive processes, test-taking strategies and response styles. Thus, this critical review will combine traditional process-based assessment strategies with support provided or offered by newer technologies that have the potential to add value to data collection and interpretation. There is now considerable interest in neuropsychological test administration using computer/digital technology, both in research and in clinical settings. To add value, any computerized version of an existing cognitive test should respect the administration procedure for which normative data were obtained, should be time-saving in terms of scoring and interpretation, and should, we argue, facilitate gathering information about the processes and strategies followed in test completion. This article will offer an overview of the steps needed when implementing computerization of neuropsychological tests using a Process-Based Approach (PBA) to these technology-based adaptations and will discuss further developments in this area by linking it to future technological developments that may be possible in the area of neuropsychological assessment. Additionally, an overview of neuropsychological tests that may benefit from computerization will be presented, together with suggestions on the specific processes, strategies and features that may be captured with the aid of such computerization. Finally, hypotheses on how virtual reality could be an asset for the future of the PBA to neuropsychological assessment will also be discussed.

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“…A standardised set up was used for the TUG and TUGdt tests, including video documentation. The TUGdt consisted of TUG combined with the verbal attention-demanding task of naming different animals, which challenges semantic memory and executive function [38,39]. The task of naming animals is based on a well-established verbal fluency test [40], which is commonly used for assessing semantic memory and has been used as a component in various dual-task tests [24,41].…”

Section: Timed Up-and-go and Timed Up-and-go Dual-task Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Testing in the Assessment of Cognitive Function: A Mixed Methods Observational Study for Development of the UDDGait Protocol

Cedervall

Stenberg

Åhman

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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New methods to screen for and identify early-stage dementia disorders are highly sought after. The purpose of this pilot study is to develop a study protocol for a dual-task test aimed at aiding the early detection of dementia disorders. We used the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, which is a mobility task involving starting in a sitting position, standing up, walking three meters to cross a line on the floor, turning around, walking back and sitting down again. We combined TUG with the verbal task of naming different animals. Pilot study participants were 43 individuals with and without established dementia diagnoses who attended a clinic for memory assessment. Video-recorded test performances were systematically analysed. Deviant test performances concerning the interplay between test administration and participants’ responses to the assessment instructions were revealed and led to refinements being made to the final study protocol. Exploration of the dual-task test outcome measures in a sub-sample of 22 persons, ten with and twelve without dementia, indicated that step-length and number of named animals after the turning point of the dual-task test might constitute appropriate measures for examining this kind of sample. We concluded that the refined study protocol is feasible for testing individuals undergoing initial memory assessments and healthy controls. Follow-up studies with larger samples are being carried out and will bring new knowledge to this area of research. It may also provide an opportunity for further studies exploring possibilities for broad clinical implementation.

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Semantic and Phonemic Verbal Fluency Discrepancy in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Potential Predictor of Progression to Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

Longitudinal Patterns of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon in People With Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Longitudinal Patterns of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon in People With Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Marrying Past and Present Neuropsychology: Is the Future of the Process-Based Approach Technology-Based?

Timed Up-and-Go Dual-Task Testing in the Assessment of Cognitive Function: A Mixed Methods Observational Study for Development of the UDDGait Protocol

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