Semanticized autobiographical memory and the default – executive coupling hypothesis of aging

Spreng, R. Nathan; Lockrow, Amber W.; DuPré, Elizabeth; Setton, Roni; Spreng, Karen A.P.; Turner, Gary R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.009

Cited by 87 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This network neuroscience model of neurocognitive aging suggests that with age, older adults fail to flexibly decouple brain regions implicated in control processes from the default network, implicated in more associative cognitive processes. We have recently shown that increased coupling of these networks, as predicted by the DECHA is associated with reduced fluid intelligence and increased reliance on semantic or crystalized knowledge in older adulthood [126]. Recent evidence both from cross-sectional [96] and longitudinal [127] investigations provide support for this hypothesis and provide further evidence that these changes in network interactivity can predict individual differences in cognitive functioning.…”

Section: Changes In Functional Brain Networkmentioning

confidence: 78%

Structure and function of the aging brain

Spreng¹,

Turner²

2018

Preprint

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In this opening section of the Aging Brain we set the stage for the contributions that follow by providing a broad overview of the latest advances in our understanding of how the brain changes, both structurally and functionally, across the adult lifespan. We leave domain-specific aspects of brain aging to the subsequent chapters, where contributors will provide more targeted accounts of brain change germane to their particular focus on the aging brain. Here we review the extant, and rapidly expanding literature to provide a brief overview and introduction to structural and functional change that occur with typical brain aging. We begin the chapter by looking back, to review some of the early discoveries about how the brain changes across the adult lifespan. We close the chapter by looking forward, towards new discoveries that challenge our core assumptions about the inevitability or irreversibility of age-related brain changes. These sections serve as bookends for the core of the chapter where we review the latest research advances that continue to uncover the mysteries of the aging brain. Spreng, R.N., Turner, G.R. (2019, forthcoming) Structure and function of the aging brain. In G Samanez-Larkin (Ed.) The aging brain. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

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Section: Changes In Functional Brain Networkmentioning

confidence: 78%

Structure and function of the aging brain

Spreng¹,

Turner²

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The current results partially support this hypothesis. The nature of the coupling and its association with task performance or cognitive ability is yet to be resolved as only a handful of studies have directly tested these issues to date (e.g., Ng et al, 2016; Rieck et al, 2017; Sambataro et al, 2010; Spreng et al, 2010; Spreng et al, 2014; Spreng et al, 2017). In the current study the coupled modulation was such that as modulation to difficulty in the positive modulation regions increased, there was lesser down-modulation of these deactivated regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, Turner and Spreng (2015) also reported significant positive coupling of functional connectivity between a prefrontal seed and default network regions only on the more difficult levels of a planning task in their older adult group. Interestingly, in tasks that rely more heavily on internal mentation, such as evaluating famous faces or autobiographical memory, this association seems to be stronger (e.g., Spreng et al, 2014; Spreng et al, 2017). It may be the case that true WM tasks, compared to a distance judgment task, may rely more heavily on the cognitive control networks, requiring greater modulation of these regions, and this association may fluctuate over time to meet current needs (Dixon et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic range in BOLD modulation: lifespan aging trajectories and association with performance

Kennedy

Boylan

Rieck

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Aging

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Alteration of dynamic range of modulation to cognitive difficulty has been proposed as a salient predictor of cognitive aging. Here we examine in 171 adults (aged 20–94 years) the effects of age on dynamic modulation of BOLD activation to difficulty in parametrically increasing working memory load (0-,2-,3-,4-back conditions). First, we examined parametric increases and decreases in activation to increasing WM load (positive modulation effect and negative modulation effect). Second, we examined the effect of age on modulation to difficulty (WM load) to identify regions that differed with age as difficulty increased (age-related positive and negative modulation effects). Weakened modulation to difficulty with age was found in both the positive-modulation (middle frontal, superior/inferior parietal) and negative-modulation effect (deactivated) regions (insula, cingulate, medial superior frontal, fusiform, and parahippocampal gyri, hippocampus, and lateral occipital cortex). Age-related alterations to positive modulation emerged later in the lifespan than negative modulation. Further, these effects were significantly coupled in that greater up-modulation was associated with lesser down-modulation. Importantly, greater frontal-parietal up-modulation to difficulty and greater down-modulation of deactivated regions was associated with better task accuracy and up-modulation with better working memory span measured outside the scanner. These findings suggest that greater dynamic range of modulation of activation to cognitive challenge is in service of current task performance, as well as generalizing to cognitive ability beyond the scanner task, lending support to its utility as a marker of successful cognitive aging.

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“…Importantly, the AI allows for external details to be parsed further into subcategories including 'external events' (separate from the main event being described), 'semantic detail', 'repetitions', and 'other'; however, such segregation is not consistently performed. Instead, many studies default to reporting only the total external details metric without considering their constituent elements in more detail (e.g., Benjamin, Cifelli, Garrard, Caine, & Jones, 2015;Spreng et al, 2018), with others reporting only selective subcategories (e.g., Mair, Poirier, & Conway, 2017;Rensen et al, 2017), or failing to examine external details entirely (e.g., Baron & Bluck, 2009;Crete-Nishihata et al, 2012). In addition to the inconsistent reporting of external details, a common tendency to consider the aggregated external details category as uniformly 'semantic' pervades the literature (e.g., Ally, Hussey, & Donahue, 2013;Zeman et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

External details revisited – A new taxonomy for coding ‘non‐episodic’ content during autobiographical memory retrieval

Strikwerda‐Brown

Mothakunnel

Hodges

et al. 2018

Journal of Neuropsychology

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Autobiographical memory (ABM) is typically held to comprise episodic and semantic elements, with the vast majority of studies to date focusing on profiles of episodic details in health and disease. In this context, 'non-episodic' elements are often considered to reflect semantic processing or are discounted from analyses entirely. Mounting evidence suggests that rather than reflecting one unitary entity, semantic autobiographical information may contain discrete subcomponents, which vary in their relative degree of semantic or episodic content. This study aimed to (1) review the existing literature to formally characterize the variability in analysis of 'non-episodic' content (i.e., external details) on the Autobiographical Interview and (2) use these findings to create a theoretically grounded framework for coding external details. Our review exposed discrepancies in the reporting and interpretation of external details across studies, reinforcing the need for a new, consistent approach. We validated our new external details scoring protocol (the 'NExt' taxonomy) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 18) and semantic dementia (n = 13), and 20 healthy older Control participants and compared profiles of the NExt subcategories across groups and time periods. Our results revealed increased sensitivity of the NExt taxonomy in discriminating between ABM profiles of patient groups, when compared to traditionally used internal and external detail metrics. Further, remote and recent autobiographical memories displayed distinct compositions of the NExt detail types. This study is the first to provide a fine-grained and comprehensive taxonomy to parse external details into intuitive subcategories and to validate this protocol in neurodegenerative disorders.

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Semanticized autobiographical memory and the default – executive coupling hypothesis of aging

Cited by 87 publications

References 38 publications

Structure and function of the aging brain

Structure and function of the aging brain

Dynamic range in BOLD modulation: lifespan aging trajectories and association with performance

External details revisited – A new taxonomy for coding ‘non‐episodic’ content during autobiographical memory retrieval

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