“…We focus predominantly on evidence based on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), one of their main PNN components (Carulli et al, 2007; Deepa et al, 2006; Giamanco and Matthews, 2012). Importantly, other PNN elements, namely Reelin and semaphorin 3A, have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of SZ, although not directly as PNN components (Abdolmaleky et al, 2005a; Carulli et al, 2013a; Costa et al, 2001; Dick et al, 2013; Eastwood et al, 2003; Fatemi, 2005; Impagnatiello et al, 1998; Vo et al, 2013b). In particular, Reelin has been extensively investigated for its role in brain development, synaptic regulation during adulthood and involvement in several brain disorders, including SZ and bipolar disorder; although some of these aspects will be mentioned in this review, we refer to comprehensive publications by other groups for details (Abdolmaleky et al, 2005a; Akbarian and Huang, 2006; Barros et al, 2011; Campo et al, 2009; Chen et al, 2005; Costa et al, 2001; Curran and D’Arcangelo, 1998; Dityatev et al, 2006; Eastwood and Harrison, 2006; Fatemi, 2001; Flashner et al, 2013; Folsom and Fatemi, 2013; Franco and Muller, 2011; Frotscher, 2010; Frotscher et al, 2009a, b; Guidotti et al, 2011; Guidotti et al, 2000; Honda et al, 2011; Impagnatiello et al, 1998; Lakatosova and Ostatnikova, 2012; Pesold et al, 1999; Sinagra et al, 2005; Stranahan et al, 2013).…”