“…Large variety of shockabsorbers' applications leads to numerous technical solutions, which differ from each other in terms of construction, involved physical phenomena and complexity of control system. At present, more and more frequent practice is the use of so-called smart devices, which are based on functional materials and advanced control systems, e.g., magneto-rheological energy absorbers [12][13][14][15], electro-rheological dampers [16,17], particle impact dampers [18,19], or pneumatic adaptive absorbers with piezoelectric valves [20]. Simultaneously, advances in the development of…”