“…Because the permeability of soft clay is very low, its consolidation process takes a long time to complete. Therefore, PVDs are conventionally applied to accelerate the consolidation of soft soil deposits (Hansbo, 1981;Bergado et al, 1996;Chai et al, 2001;Shen et al, 2005;Rowe and Taechakumthorn, 2008;Liu et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2017;Cheng et al, 2017;Indraratna, 2017;Nguyen et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2018aKim et al, , 2018bKim, 2019a, 2019b;Nguyen, 2019;Nguyen, 2020;Nguyen et al, 2019;Nguyen et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020). To control the post-construction settlement, prediction of the consolidation behavior of PVDinstalled soft ground played a crucial role in the design stage.…”