Semi‐dominant mutation in the cysteine‐rich receptor‐like kinase gene, ALS1, conducts constitutive defence response in rice

Abstract

Plants have evolved a sophisticated two-branch defence system to prevent the growth and spread of pathogen infection. The novel Cys-rich repeat (CRR) containing receptor-like kinases, known as CRKs, were reported to mediate defence resistance in plants. For rice, there are only two reports of CRKs. A semi-dominant lesion mimic mutant als1 (apoptosis leaf and sheath 1) in rice was identified to demonstrate spontaneous lesions on the leaf blade and sheath. A map-based cloning strategy was used for fine mapping and cloning of ALS1, which was confirmed to be a typical CRK in rice. Functional studies of ALS1 were conducted, including phylogenetic analysis, expression analysis, subcellular location and blast resistance identification. Most pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and other defence-related genes were activated and up-regulated to a high degree. ALS1 was expressed mainly in the leaf blade and sheath, in which further study revealed that ALS1 was present in the vascular bundles. ALS1 was located in the cell membrane of rice protoplasts, and its mutation did not change its subcellular location. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation were observed in als1, and enhanced blast resistance was also observed. The mutation of ALS1 caused a constitutively activated defence response in als1. The results of our study imply that ALS1 participates in a defence response resembling the common SA-, JA- and NH1-mediated defence responses in rice.

The Brassica napus fatty acid exporter FAX1-1 contributes to biological yield, seed oil content, and oil quality

“…We subjected both PCR products to restriction digest with SpeI and BamHI before ligation into the pAN580 vector to generate pAN580-35S: AtFAX1 -GFP and pAN580-35S: BnaFAX1-1 -GFP (Fig. 2 A) [ 8 ], which were used to transiently transfect Arabidopsis protoplasts. We performed the transformation and analysis of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts as described previously [ 10 ].…”

The Brassica Napus Fatty Acid Exporter FAX1-1 Contributes to Biological Yield, Seed Oil Production, and Oil Quality

“…Similarly, we ampli ed the BnaFAX1-1 CDS by PCR from B. napus cDNA using the primer pair BnaFAX1-1 FP(SpeI)+ BnaFAX1-1 RP(BamHI) (Table S4). We subjected both PCR products to restriction digest with SpeI and BamHI before ligation into the pAN580 vector to generate pAN580-35S:AtFAX1-GFP and pAN580-35S:BnaFAX1-1-GFP (Figure2A) (Du et al, 2019), which were used to transiently transfect Arabidopsis protoplasts. We performed the transformation and analysis of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts as described previously (Duy et al, 2007).…”

Host genetic control of succession in the switchgrass leaf fungal microbiome

“…Arabidopsis CRK5 , for instance, alters defense responses either through resistance to infection or programmed cell death, depending on how the gene is expressed 55 . Similarly, the Oryza gene LIL1 (Os07g0488400) improves fungal rice blast resistance when overexpressed 56 .…”