Semi-interpenetrated polymer networks based on modified cellulose and starch as gel polymer electrolytes for high performance lithium ion batteries

Abstract

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is one of the most famous polymer electrolytes; however, its low conductivity and capacity have prevented its commercial applications. This study utilizes carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and oxidative carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC) natural polymers with a high potential to dissolve lithium ions (Li + ) in to help PEO ionic conductivity. The semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) consist of crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) with poly(ethylene glycol) diallyl (PEGDA) and free CMS/OCMC chains. Effect of increasing the amount of natural polymer on the electrochemical properties of semi-IPNs is investigated. Semi-IPN CMS50% and semi-IPN OCMC50% deliver excellent results such as high conductivity (in order 10 -2 Scm -1 ) at room temperature, electrochemical stability window higher than 4.5 V, high Li + transfer number, high discharge capacities (191 and 203 mAh g -1 with capacity retention of 85 and 88.5% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, respectively), and stable cyclic behavior.

Natural Pyranosyl Materials: Potential Applications in Solid‐State Batteries

“…It has been reported that the carboxymethylation of polysaccharides [131,157,164] introduced more O as electron donors for transporting metal ions, which enabled the improvement of ionic conductivity and t Li + .For example, the t Li + was determined to be 0.8 when 50 % oxidative carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC, CMC also known as polyanionic polymers) [145] was added in the CPEs, and the Li‐LiCoO 2 with such CPEs exhibited capacity retention reached 88.5 % after 100 cycles (Figure 6b). [165] Similarly, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation of CNFs [36] exhibited enhanced Li + conductivity and transference number, [100] which should be attributed to the abundant −COO − groups after oxidation that highly interacted with the cations and promoting the dissociation of salts (Figure 6c). [36] However, the presence of −COO − was facing the challenge when the electrolyte was matched with high voltage cathodes [166] .…”

“…b) Cycle performance of CPEs with 50 % CMS or 50 % OCMC in Li‐LiCoO 2 cells. Reproduced with permission [165] . Copyright 2022, Springer Nature B.V. c) Mechanism of Li + conduction in CNFs/PEO SPEs.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [165] Copyright 2022, Springer Nature B.V. c) Mechanism of Li + conduction in CNFs/PEO SPEs. Reproduced with permission.…”

Advancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: 3D Bioprinting of GelMA-Based Cell-Laden Electroactive Bioinks for Nerve Conduits

“…This enhancement can be attributed to the combined effect of the broad and strong diffraction peak of PEGDA, which appears at 22°. 52,53 Upon incorporating GG into the cross-linked polymer matrix of GelMA/PEGDA, no significant difference in the XRD pattern was observed. The presence of the high-intensity broad peak of GG, also appearing at 2θ ∼ 15−25°, contributed to the unaltered XRD pattern.…”

Investigation of the Effect of Poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] Addition on the Electrochemical Performance of Cellulose-Based Solid- and Gel-Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Additionally, this modification transformed the originally rigid cellulose chain into a robust material that effectively mitigates the growth of lithium dendrites. 21 Hadad et al 22 developed a GPE with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure consisting of a cross-linked network of PEGMA and free chains of carboxymethyl starch/oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose. Results showed that the addition of PEGMA led to improved electrolyte absorption and thus better ionic conductivity.…”