Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks by azide–alkyne cycloaddition as novel anion exchange membranes

Abstract

A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer network anion exchange membranes, composed of a quaternized PS copolymer and crosslinked PPO networks, have been designed and fabricated.

Application of a novel PUB enhanced semi‐interpenetrating chitosan‐based anion exchange membrane

“…When the temperature reaches 140 C, the maximum value of σ OH − reaches up to 1.6 × 10 −2 S cm −1 with the WU of 120%. This WU value of the membrane is comparable to those of the QA sIPN membranes (76%-123%), 10 the SIPN-60-x membranes (51.7%-169.4%), 11 the QPS/PPO sIPN-62/30 membrane (68.8%), 13 and the QPVA/KOH membrane (62%-100%). 36 When the temperature is continued to increase, WU and σ OH − show a decreased tendency and the membranes are found to be fragile.…”

“…But too much PUB also brings harmful influence on mechanical properties due to the higher hydrophilic property of PUB and the decreased compatibility. The TS of the CS/PAADDA/PUB membrane is close to the pristine CS membrane (24.17 MPa), the CS/RCD membrane (27.63 MPa), the QA sIPN‐70/30 membrane (21.2 MPa), the QAPPO/xPEG‐PAGE (SIPN‐60‐1) membrane (30.8 MPa), the PVP‐based SIPNs‐60 membrane (28.1 MPa), the QPS/PPO sIPN‐75/20 membrane (24.6 MPa), the QPIENPC membrane (22.39 MPa), the QPVA/KOH2 membrane (24.4 MPa), and is higher than Semi‐IPN QCS/PS (38% PS; 17.5 MPa), the QBAPB/PVA membrane (18.3MPa), the PVA/PDDA membrane (15.3 MPa), the QHPEEK1.30 membrane (17.0 MPa), and the crosslinked polynorbornene membrane (15.18 MPa) . The results show the CS/PAADDA/PUB membrane has great prospects since the film could be well used in the process of actual application.…”

“…The peak power density is comparable to or higher than those of the imidazolium-type ionic liquid-based membrane (30 mWÁcm −2 at room temperature), 66 the quaternized chitosan membrane (23 mW cm −2 at 50 C), 53 the CS/EMImC-Co-EP-OH − membrane (21.7 mW cm −2 at room temperature), 22 the PV/CS-HDT-20 wt% membrane (15 mW cm −2 at 40 C), 67 the PAEK-g-[PBVIm-OH]-0.25 membrane (22 mW cm −2 at 60 C), 68 but is lower than those of the QA sIPN-70/30 membrane (about 80 mW cm −2 at 35 C), 10 the QPSU/ NH 4 HF 2 -Ti 3 C 2 T x membrane (47 mW cm −2 at 30 C), 69 the A901 membrane (APTFE, IMF = 0.25; 103 mW cm −2 at 50 C), 70 and the sIPN-62/30 membrane (110.6 mW cm −2 at 60 C). 13 Hence, many aspects, for instance, membrane composition, cross-linking manners, and MEA fabrication techniques have to be improved to strengthen the performance of single-cell testing.…”

Improved chemical stability and proton selectivity of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network amphoteric membrane for vanadium redox flow battery application

“…The semi-IPN membranes exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, and the SR of the semi-IPN20 membrane was only 12%. 29 Meanwhile, the application of amphoteric membranes in VRFB has been gradually studied, which is attributed to the combination of the advantages of cationic exchange membranes and anionic exchange membranes. 30,31 The existence of cationic groups could improve the vanadium resistance immensely owing to the Donnan repelling effect, while the anionic groups could guarantee the high proton conductivity.…”

Trifluoromethanesulfonimide-based hygroscopic semi-interpenetrating polymer network for enhanced proton conductivity of nafion-based proton exchange membranes at low humidity

“…[17,31] Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPNs), composite polymers consisting of a linear polymer entrapped within a polymer network, have been exploited as ion exchange membranes for fuel cells over the last few decades. [32][33][34] By incorporating desirable monomers into the linear PEM matrix, an in situ polymerization reaction can be performed to form a cross-linked polymer network, thus obtaining an SIPN. The polymer network can act as an excellent support for hygroscopic groups, which can be facilely grafted onto the polymer network by rationally designing the monomer.…”