Semi-Manual Processing Of Blood Clamps Waste into Chitosan Powder

Abstract

Blood clams (Anadara granosa) are endemic clams found in Southeast Asia and East Asia. Blood clams are widely consumed by the public as seafood dishes in coastal food stalls. The great potential of blood clams will increase the waste of clam shells produced. The accumulation of shellfish waste will cause pollution and reduce environmental aesthetics. The chitin content in blood clam shells can be used as chitosan. Chitosan is a polymer of -(1-4) glucosamine which is formed when the acetyl group in chitin is substituted by hydrogen to become an amine group. Chitosan has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Isolation of chitosan was carried out through the stages of demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. The limited use of laboratories during the pandemic is a major obstacle in the isolation process of chitosan. This study aims to process blood clam shell waste into chitosan in a simple way on a home scale. Processing includes deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation were done using tools and materials available at home. Laboratory equipment such as beakers could be replaced with pots, the reflux process was replaced by using a cloth to filter, and measuring cups were replaced with glasses. The research used 1500 grams of blood clam shell powder and produced 1050 grams of white chitosan with a slightly hard texture

Optimizing Performance Asphalt Concrete Hot Rolled Sheet– Wearing Course (HRS-WC) Using Chitosan Powder

“…This chitosan (shellfish) contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which when heated, will turn into CaO (3.04 %) and release CO2 into the air, leaving only CaO (quicklime) and Si (Silica), whose content is a cement-forming component other than Fe2O3 (ferric oxide) and AL2O3. Chitosan iresults fromthe chitin deacetylation process by removing the acetyl group to obtain polymer compounds and glucosamine [12]. The preliminary observation by ITS Chemical Laboratory in 2019, also found that chitosan has Silicon Oxide -SiO2 (17,98 %), which affects stability and viscosity.…”

“…Chitosan (shellfish) is the shell of a mollusk. This chitosan (shellfish) contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which, when heated, will turn into CaO (3.04 %) [12]. From the preliminary observation by ITS Chemical Laboratory in 2019, it was also found that chitosan contains Silicon Oxide -SiO2 (17.98), which affects stability and viscosity to increase the value of marshall characteristics.…”