Semi‐polar root exudates in natural grassland communities

Dietz, Sophie; Herz, Katharina; Döll, Stefanie; Haider, Sylvia; Jandt, Ute; Bruelheide, Helge; Scheel, Dierk

doi:10.1002/ece3.5043

Cited by 36 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Altogether, these results confirm that the identity of early-arriving species has a strong impact on the chemical composition of the rhizosphere metabolome. Although our metabolomics data apply to plant communities and not isolated plant individuals, our results are consistent with previous studies showing that the rate of C exudation by plant roots (de Vries et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2020) as well as the chemical composition and di-versity of root exudates (Herz et al, 2018;Dietz et al, 2019) strongly depend on species identity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Soil chemical legacies trigger species-specific and context-dependent root responses in later arriving plants

Delory

Schempp

Spachmann

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Priority effects can have long-lasting consequences for the structure and functioning of plant communities. Currently, it is poorly understood to what extent the rhizo-sphere metabolome of plant communities is conditioned by its species composition and whether these changes affect subsequent species during assembly. We collected soil solutions from plant communities differing in species and functional group composition (forbs or grasses). We evaluated the effect of the rhizosphere metabolome found in the soil solutions on the growth, biomass allocation, and functional traits of a forb (Dianthus deltoides) and a grass species (Festuca rubra). The rhizosphere metabolome of forb and grass communities differed in composition and chemical diversity. While F. rubra did not respond to different rhizosphere solutions, soil exploration by D. deltoides roots decreased when plants received the rhizosphere solution from a grass or a forb community. Structural equation modelling showed that reduced soil exploration by D. deltoides arose via either a root growth-dependent pathway (forb metabolome) or a root trait-dependent pathway (grass metabolome). Reduced soil exploration was not connected to a decrease in total N uptake. Our findings reveal that rhizosphere chemical cues can affect later arriving plants and create belowground priority effects in grasslands.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Soil chemical legacies trigger species-specific and context-dependent root responses in later arriving plants

Delory

Schempp

Spachmann

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Root exudates can differ between plant species, their different growth stages, and even between cultivars of the same plant species [22][23][24][25][26][27][28], and select for rhizosphere bacteria with matching substrate uptake preferences [29,30]. As a result, the rhizobiome composition can differ between plant species [31][32][33] or between plant genotypes [8,18,20,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the majority of rhizobiome studies focused on model or crop plants grown in microcosms or monospecific culture [17,18,23,32,[34][35][36][37]. Non-crop plant species, particularly in complex natural communities, have been studied only rarely [15,26,28,38]. In addition to plant species, edaphic factors or other environmental conditions may have dominant effects on the composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities [18-20, 35, 37, 39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of the composition of active rhizosphere bacterial communities in temperate grasslands

et al. 2019

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The active bacterial rhizobiomes and root exudate profiles of phytometers of six plant species growing in central European temperate grassland communities were investigated in three regions located up to 700 km apart, across diverse edaphic conditions and along a strong land use gradient. The recruitment process from bulk soil communities was identified as the major direct driver of the composition of active rhizosphere bacterial communities. Unexpectedly, the effect of soil properties, particularly soil texture, water content, and soil type, strongly dominated over plant properties and the composition of polar root exudates of the primary metabolism. While plant species-specific selection of bacteria was minor, the RNA-based composition of active rhizosphere bacteria substantially differed between rhizosphere and bulk soil. Although other variables could additionally be responsible for the consistent enrichment of particular bacteria in the rhizosphere, distinct bacterial OTUs were linked to the presence of specific polar root exudates independent of individual plant species. Our study also identified numerous previously unknown taxa that are correlated with rhizosphere dynamics and hence represent suitable targets for future manipulations of the plant rhizobiome.

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“…To fully understand those networks, a comprehensive investigation of the metabolite profile of a plant and the combination of metabolomics and ecological techniques under natural conditions are of great importance 40 . So far, there are two studies about root exudation of either polar 19 or semi-polar root metabolites 21 applying the untargeted metabolite profiling approach to field grown plants. These two studies focus mainly on the impacts of different endogenous factors in a natural ecosystem.…”

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confidence: 99%

Root exudate composition of grass and forb species in natural grasslands

Dietz

Herz

Gorzolka

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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plants exude a diverse cocktail of metabolites into the soil as response to exogenous and endogenous factors. So far, root exudates have mainly been studied under artificial conditions due to methodological difficulties. In this study, each five perennial grass and forb species were investigated for polar and semi-polar metabolites in exudates under field conditions. Metabolite collection and untargeted profiling approaches combined with a novel classification method allowed the designation of 182 metabolites. The composition of exuded polar metabolites depended mainly on the local environment, especially soil conditions, whereas the pattern of semi-polar metabolites was primarily affected by the species identity. The profiles of both polar and semi-polar metabolites differed between growth forms, with grass species being generally more similar to each other and more responsive to the abiotic environment than forb species. this study demonstrated the feasibility of investigating exudates under field conditions and to identify the driving factors of exudate composition. Plants adjust their phenotype in response to environmental conditions and interactions with other organisms 1-4. So far, studies on phenotypic adjustment have mainly focused on morphological and physiological characteristics. One result was that the species' phenotypic plasticity differs between forbs or grasses, which are the dominating growth form of grasslands. These two growth forms vary with respect to plant functional traits 5-9. Grasses are thereby the dominant organisms in grasslands due to their tolerance to mowing and grazing, fast spread and responses to environmental changes 5,8. Forbs instead are less affected by changes in nutrient conditions than grasses due to their ability to store nutrients in their roots 8. However, it is unknown so far whether these two growth forms also differ with respect to another fundamental plants phenotype: the metabolites exuded by plant roots. Exudates comprise organic compounds of low molecular weight 10 from the primary and secondary metabolism spanning a wide range of polarities. Examples for exuded primary metabolites are alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, nucleic bases and nucleotides, exuded secondary metabolites are for example alkaloids, phenylpropanoids and terpenes 3,11-14. Due to the wide range of polarity, distinct analytical methods need to be applied to cover a broad range of detected compounds, e.g. gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (RP-LC-MS). Various experiments revealed that the composition of the exuded metabolites into the rhizosphere 1,15-18 depends on different endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenous factors such as growth form 19 , species 2,3,20 , and plant functional traits 19-21 turned out to alter the exudate composition in the rhizosphere. In addition, exogenous biotic factors e.g. microbial rhizosphere community 16 , herbivores 15 and neighbouring plants 4,22,23...

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Semi‐polar root exudates in natural grassland communities

Cited by 36 publications

References 59 publications

Soil chemical legacies trigger species-specific and context-dependent root responses in later arriving plants

Soil chemical legacies trigger species-specific and context-dependent root responses in later arriving plants

Drivers of the composition of active rhizosphere bacterial communities in temperate grasslands

Root exudate composition of grass and forb species in natural grasslands

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