Semi-solid reactive interfaces based on ZnO@C core-shell materials for zinc-iron flow batteries

Semi-solid lithium/oxygen flow battery: an emerging, high-energy technology

“…The main difference is that in SRFB the solid electroactive particles are dispersed in the electrolytes[32,45].The use of semi-solid catholytes and/or anolytes offers the great advantage of overcoming the solubility limit of active species in the electrolyte, therefore enabling to boost RFB volumetric capacity and energy densities. As an additional key advantage, the use of semi-solid fluids allows designing novel RFBs based on different chemistries that are typically featured by static battery cells with solid electrodes, like Li-ion, Li/S, Li/O2, Na-ion, Zn-Ni, Zn-Fe, vanadium RFBs [32,[46][47][48][49][50]. The development of SRFB brings strategic advantages to RFBs: i) the active particles will not crossover through the separator, that can be easily designed approaching the electrolyte bulk conductivity, with advantages in terms of power; ii) electrode active materials that experience volume change during the charge/discharge process, and can be hardly used for long cycle life cells, can be more efficiently used in suspensions; iii) energy demanding and environment impacting solid electrode manufacturing is avoided, with advantage in terms of costs; iv) cells can…”