Semi tandem base of support degrades both saccadic gaze control and postural stability particularly in older adults

Polastri, Paula Fávaro; Barbieri, Fábio Augusto; Brito, Matheus Belizário; Bonfim, José Vinicius Aldá; Gotardi, Gisele Chiozi; Kuga, Gabriel Keine; Rodrigues, Sérgio Tosi

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.004

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Indeed, the two orientations of motion are both neurophysiological and anatomically distinct (Leigh and Zee 2006). Moreover, performing vertical eye movements might increase head rotation more than during horizontal eye movements, as shown in previous studies (Fukushima et al 2007;Polastri et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Many researchers have examined postural control in horizontal eye movement tasks versus control fixation tasks (Stoffregen et al 2006;Stoffregen et al 2007;Rey et al 2008;Giveans et al 2011;Irving and Lillakas 2019;Polastri et al 2019). Much less is known about eye movements in the vertical direction, which may be due to the greater importance attributed to horizontal eye movements because we use them more often in ongoing activities (Foulsham et al 2011), for example, when we read text.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trunk and head displacements stabilized to perform both horizontal and vertical saccadic eye movements

et al. 2021

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Vision is crucial for humans to interact with their surrounding environment, and postural sway is reduced to allow short saccadic eye movements. However, the extent of subtle changes in postural control for horizontal and vertical saccadic eye movements remains unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of vertical and horizontal saccadic eye movements on head and trunk control in young adults. Fifteen healthy adults (23.4±4.7 years) stood upright in three conditions for 60 s: fixation, horizontal, and vertical guided eye movements. In fixation, participants had to fixate on a stationary target. In both the horizontal and vertical eye movements, the target was presented with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and a visual angle of 11 °. Eye displacement was monitored using a SMI eye tracker (ETG2.0) and trunk and head sway were monitored using infrared markers (Optotrak 3020, NDI). The mean sway amplitude was lower in both directions for eye movements and lowest in the vertical direction compared to the fixation condition. The sway area was also lower in vertical movement than in the fixation condition. We also found that the reduction was greater at head level than at trunk level. The median frequency sway in the anterior-posterior direction was higher in both eye movements than in fixation. Based upon these results, we suggest that to perform short saccadic eye movements, postural sway is more strongly controlled at the head level than at the trunk and in vertical saccadic eye movements than in horizontal movements.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trunk and head displacements stabilized to perform both horizontal and vertical saccadic eye movements

et al. 2021

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“…Generally, older adults appear to engage their head during visuomotor task performance more than younger adults do. This has been found during vertical and horizontal saccades performed from a semi-tandem posture (Polastri et al 2019) but also when re-orienting gaze during walking (Cinelli et al 2008). This could be a compensation for age-induced limitations in positional precision (Kolarik et al 2010; Maruta et al 2017), range (Moschner & Baloh 1994; Paige 1994) and eye-target velocity gain during smooth pursuit tasks (Kanayama et al 1994; Moschner & Baloh 1994; Matheron et al 2008; Lee et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Standing balance in aging is robust against head rotation during visual tracking

Georgiadis

Chatzinikolaou

Voudouris

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Standing balance is relatively more unstable when visually pursuing a moving target than when fixating a stationary one. These effects are common across age groups if the head is restrained during visual task performance. The present study focused on the role of the head motion on standing balance during the pursuit of a moving target as a function of age. Three predictions were tested: a) standing balance is compromised to a greater extent in older than young adults by gaze target pursuit compared to fixation, b) older adults pursue a moving target with greater and more variable head rotation than young adults, and c) greater and more variable head rotation during the gaze pursuit task is associated with greater postural sway. Twenty-two (22) older and twenty-three (23) young adults stood on a force plate in front of a 60-inch monitor while performing two visual tasks: fixation at a stationary target and gaze pursuit of a horizontally moving target. Centre of pressure (CoP) and head kinematics were synchronously recorded with the Vicon motion analysis system, while head-unconstrained gaze was captured by the Pupil Labs Invisible mobile tracking system. Postural sway, reflected in the interquartile CoP range and the root mean square (RMS) of CoP velocity increased during the gaze pursuit compared to the fixation task (p<.05), and this effect was more pronounced in older than young participants (p<.05). Older adults pursued the moving target employing more variable (p=.022) head yaw rotation than young participants although the amplitude of head rotation was not systematically different between groups (p=.077). The amplitude and variance of head yaw rotation did not correlate with postural sway measures. Results suggest that older adults may engage more variable head rotation when tracking a moving target to compensate for age-related deficits in eye smooth pursuit movement. However, this strategy does not seem to compromise standing balance.

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“…In addition, it was recently reported that the deterioration of postural stability while texting was larger in the tandem stance than in the normal stance [ 40 ]. Moreover, the increase in the mean velocity of the head caused by the presentation of horizontal and vertical visual targets was more remarkable in the feet apart base condition than in the semi-tandem base condition [ 41 ]. These results indicate that both afferent visual inputs and efferent eye movements have a large interfering effect on postural stability during difficult tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration of postural control due to the increase of similarity between center of pressure and smooth-pursuit eye movements during standing on one leg

et al. 2022

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Upright postural control is regulated by afferent and efferent/reafferent visual mechanisms. There are two types of efferent and conjugate eye movements: saccades and smooth pursuits. Although postural control is improved by saccades, the effects of smooth pursuits on postural control are still debated, because the difficulties of postural and visual tasks differ in the previous research. Additionally, the mechanisms that interfere with postural control and smooth pursuit are not fully understood. To address these issues, we examined the effects of different patterns of smooth-pursuit eye movement on the path length of the center of pressure (COP) displacement under bipedal and unipedal standing conditions. The relative frequency and amplitude of the COP displacement were remarkably increased when uniform linear visual targets were presented during unipedal standing. In addition, dynamic time warping analysis demonstrated that the similarity between the displacement of the COP and eye movements was increased by the presentation of uniform linear visual targets with orientation selectivity during unipedal standing but not during bipedal standing. In contrast, the attenuation of similarity between the displacement of the COP and eye movements significantly decreased the path length, relative frequency, and amplitude of the COP displacement. Our results indicate that postural stability is deteriorated by the increase of similarity between the displacement of the COP and smooth-pursuit eye movements under unstable conditions.

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Semi tandem base of support degrades both saccadic gaze control and postural stability particularly in older adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Trunk and head displacements stabilized to perform both horizontal and vertical saccadic eye movements

Trunk and head displacements stabilized to perform both horizontal and vertical saccadic eye movements

Standing balance in aging is robust against head rotation during visual tracking

Deterioration of postural control due to the increase of similarity between center of pressure and smooth-pursuit eye movements during standing on one leg

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