Semi‐Transparent, Micrometer Resolution p‐NiO/n‐ZnO Heterojunction Diode Temperature Sensors with Ultrathin Metal Anode

Abstract

Various temperature sensitive biological mechanisms have been utilized for new biomedical engineering tools such as neuromodulation, cancer cell hyperthermia or photothermal therapy. Optically transparent and high spatio‐temporal resolution temperature sensors are needed to precisely analyze the biological effects that occur in response to the temperature changes. In this work, semi‐transparent p‐NiO/n‐ZnO heterojunction diode‐based temperature sensors with 100 µm‐diameter ultrathin transparent Au/Ag metal anodes is introduced. The fabricated diode temperature sensors accurately measure temperature changes from 25 to 80 °C, which is of significant interest in many biomedical engineering applications. The sensors also exhibit adequate transparency over the entire visible light spectrum for biomedical imaging including fluorescent microscopy. Low‐power operation of the temperature sensor (<0.2 nW) is achieved to avoid a self‐heating effect. The micro‐scale spatial resolution of the transparent temperature sensors is especially useful for cellular resolution bio‐imaging, optical neural recording, and optical bio‐modulation where transparency and high‐resolution temperature sensing are necessary.

Solution-processed and thickness-insensitive hole transport layer for high efficiency organic solar cells

“…Base on the UPS spectra shown in Fig. 1(c), the work functions can be calculated by the equation below: 44,45…”

“…Base on the UPS spectra shown in Fig. 1(c), the work functions can be calculated by the equation below: 44,45 φ = hv − ( E cutoff − E onset )where φ is the absolute value of work function, hv is 21.22 eV, the excitation energy of He used for the UPS measurement, E cutoff and E onset are the cutoff and onset energies of the UPS spectra. The full UPS spectra are given in Fig.…”

High temporal resolution transparent thermoelectric temperature sensors for photothermal effect sensing

“…High-speed diodes have been suggested for high temporal resolution temperature sensing, but their limited transparency hinders direct integration with the photothermal effect. 22 Alternatively, the resistance change of a biological medium has been measured using a bulky glass pipette to anticipate the photothermal effect in the sub-ms time domain. 23 However, due to the large size of the sensor and the instrumentation configuration, it is difficult to measure local temperature near the cells of interest or to configure a microarray of the temperature sensors.…”

Antiferromagnetic skyrmion-based high speed diode

“…Electrical diodes, operated under the effect of unidirectional current ux density, are the fundamental components of modern computation, communication, sensing, and articial intelligence (AI) applications, enabling major advances in the elds of science and applied technology. 1,2 Owing to the unidirectional operation of the electrical diode, considerable interest has been generated in various physical disciplines, including acoustics, 3 microuidics, 4 photonics, 5 thermodynamics, 6 and micromagnetism. 7 Magnetic skyrmions, a nonlinear nanoscale spin texture, found in chiral magnets with broken inversion symmetry, can be viewed as viable information carriers due to their particle-like nature benetting from unidirectional transport for diode applications.…”