“…The impact of high temperature on rock mass cannot be disregarded in various deep rock underground engineering applications such as deep mining, high-temperature nuclear waste storage, shale gas exploration, enhanced geothermal system (EGS) development, and deep oil drilling [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, the deep surrounding rock often exhibits complex mechanical behavior and may even lead to geological disasters such as rock bursts, tunnel water inrushes, shaft instabilities, and earthquakes due to disturbances caused by engineering loads like blasting vibration and mechanical excavation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore, ensuring the safety and stability of deep underground resource development and maximizing the utilization of deep underground space have become significant topics in the field of rock mechanics [17].…”