Metal oxide/Si heterostructures make up an exciting design route to high performance electrodes for photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting. By monochromatic light sources, contributions of the individual layers in WO3/n-Si heterostructures are untangled.It shows that band bending near the WO3/n-Si interface is instrumental in charge separation and transport, and in generating a photovoltage that drives the PEC process. A thin metal layer inserted at the WO3/n-Si interface helps establishing the relation among the band bending depth, the photovoltage, and the PEC activity. This discovery breaks with the dominant Z-scheme