Semiflexible Biopolymers in Bundled Arrangements

Schnauß, Jörg; Händler, Tina; Käs, Josef A.

doi:10.3390/polym8080274

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(274 reference statements)

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“…Stress-induced weakening of the actin cytoskeleton by cross-linker breakage suggests that the active behaviour of the entire cell may result from the slow unbuckling of microtubules. In turn, this suggests an entropic origin of the effect, which has been previously reported for both actin and microtubules [58,78,[80][81][82][83][84]. Destabilizing microtubules resulted in a lack of relaxation, i.e.…”

Section: Microtubules Determine Cell Relaxation At Small Strainssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In contrast, control cells without drug-induced cytoskeletal perturbations remained inactive displaying a positive value for the relative relaxation (figures 2(a) and (b)). The mechanical properties of actin structures have been shown to dependent on the cross-linker dynamics [70,[76][77][78], which highlights that stretching cells breaks cross-linkers such as filamin and α-actinin [24]. The weakening of physical inter-filament coupling increases the contribution of viscous deformations and consequently a decrease of elastic contributions since the percolation of the cross-linked network is decreased [70,79].…”

Section: Microtubules Determine Cell Relaxation At Small Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actin and microtubule networks contribute differently to cell response for small and large strains

et al. 2017

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Cytoskeletal filaments provide cells with mechanical stability and organization. The main key players are actin filaments and microtubules governing a cell's response to mechanical stimuli. We investigated the specific influences of these crucial components by deforming MCF-7 epithelial cells at small (5% deformation) and large strains (>5% deformation). To understand specific contributions of actin filaments and microtubules, we systematically studied cellular responses after treatment with cytoskeleton influencing drugs. Quantification with the microfluidic optical stretcher allowed capturing the relative deformation and relaxation of cells under different conditions. We separated distinctive deformational and relaxational contributions to cell mechanics for actin and microtubule networks for two orders of magnitude of drug dosages. Disrupting actin filaments via latrunculin A, for instance, revealed a strain-independent softening. Stabilizing these filaments by treatment with jasplakinolide yielded cell softening for small strains but showed no significant change at large strains. In contrast, cells treated with nocodazole to disrupt microtubules displayed a softening at large strains but remained unchanged at small strains. Stabilizing microtubules within the cells via paclitaxel revealed no significant changes for deformations at small strains, but concentration-dependent impact at large strains. This suggests that for suspended cells, the actin cortex is probed at small strains, while at larger strains; the whole cell is probed with a significant contribution from the microtubules.

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Section: Microtubules Determine Cell Relaxation At Small Strainssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Microtubules Determine Cell Relaxation At Small Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actin and microtubule networks contribute differently to cell response for small and large strains

et al. 2017

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“…For treatment with cytochalasin D a total concentration of 30 μm was added to the solution to alter actin networks and bundles. This minimized their contributions to the overall behavior and softened the cells [54][55][56][57][58]. Thus, it was possible to induce deformations in the cells that were detectable even when using low magnifications and low resolution cameras.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical stretching in continuous flows

Morawetz

Stange

Kießling

et al. 2017

Converg. Sci. Phys. Oncol.

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“…Various in vitro studies based on cell lines of breast-and cervix carcinomas have shown that the viscoelastic properties of native and healthy cells compared to malignant cells differ significantly [9][10][11]. The filaments of the cytoskeleton (actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules) form a structure that determines the shape and the mechanical properties of the cell [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In cancer cells, however, the neoplastic transformation is accompanied by a reduction of the cytoskeletal polymers, in particular actin-associated proteins that lead to a reduction of the structural integrity of the cell [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing cell mechanics—a precondition for malignant transformation of oral squamous carcinoma cells

Meinhövel

Stange

Schnauß

et al. 2018

Converg. Sci. Phys. Oncol.

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Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are the 6 th most common cancer and the diagnosis is often belated for a curative treatment. The reliable and early differentiation between healthy and diseased cells is the main aim of this study in order to improve the quality of the treatment and to understand tumour pathogenesis.Here, the optical stretcher is used to analyse mechanical properties of cells and their potential to serve as a marker for malignancy. Stretching experiments revealed for the first time that cells of primary OSCCs were deformed by 2.9 % rendering them softer than cells of healthy mucosa which were deformed only by 1.9 %. Furthermore, the relaxation behaviour of the cells revealed that these malignant cells exhibit a faster contraction than their benign counterparts. This suggests that deformability as well as relaxation behaviour can be used as distinct parameters to evaluate emerging differences between these benign and malignant cells. Since many studies in cancer research are performed with cancer cell lines rather than primary cells, we have compared the deformability and relaxation of both types, showing that long time culturing leads to softening of cells. The higher degree of deformability and relaxation behaviour can enable cancer cells to traverse tissue emphasizing that changes in cell architecture may be a potential precondition for malignant transformation. Respecting the fact that even short culture times have an essential effect on the significance of the results, the use of primary cells for further research is recommended. The distinction between malignant and benign cells would enable an early confirmation of cancer diagnoses by testing cell samples of suspect oral lesions.

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Semiflexible Biopolymers in Bundled Arrangements

Cited by 38 publications

References 119 publications

Actin and microtubule networks contribute differently to cell response for small and large strains

Actin and microtubule networks contribute differently to cell response for small and large strains

Optical stretching in continuous flows

Changing cell mechanics—a precondition for malignant transformation of oral squamous carcinoma cells

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