Seminal exosomes and HIV‐1 transmission

Ouattara, Louise A.; Anderson, Sharon; Doncel, Gustavo F.

doi:10.1111/and.13220

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Therefore, functional analyses based entirely on the cell line-derived exosomes can be misleading and require re-evaluation in patient material. This shows a strong need to standardize protocols used for exosome isolation and analysis from biologically relevant bodily fluids, such as blood [15], urine [16], breast milk [17], cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [18], saliva [19], human semen [20], and synovial fluid [21]. All these different sources of exosomes require meticulous analysis, which will result in the decision of the best criteria for the exosome isolation method as well as further exosome analysis.…”

Section: Source and Methods Of Isolation For Proteomic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Cancer Exosomes—Implications for Translational Research

et al. 2019

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Exosomes belong to the group of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that derive from various cell populations and mediate intercellular communication in health and disease. Like hormones or cytokines, exosomes released by cells can play a potent role in the communication between the cell of origin and distant cells in the body to maintain homeostatic or pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. The nucleic acids, and lipid and protein cargo present in the exosomes are involved in a myriad of carcinogenic processes, including cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and metastasis formation. The ability of exosomal proteins to mediate direct functions by interaction with other cells qualifies them as tumor-specific biomarkers and targeted therapeutic approaches. However, the heterogeneity of plasma-derived exosomes consistent of (a) exosomes derived from all kinds of body cells, including cancer cells and (b) contamination of exosome preparation with other extracellular vesicles, such as apoptotic bodies, makes it challenging to obtain solid proteomics data for downstream clinical application. In this manuscript, we review these challenges beginning with the choice of different isolation methods, through the evaluation of obtained exosomes and limitations in the process of proteome analysis of cancer-derived exosomes to identify novel protein targets with functional impact in the context of translational oncology.

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Section: Source and Methods Of Isolation For Proteomic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Cancer Exosomes—Implications for Translational Research

et al. 2019

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“…EVs from infected cells are able to activate other cells DENV (Velandia-Romero et al, 2020;Mishra et al, 2019) RNAs inside EVs related to host responses to infection DENV (Martins et al, 2018a), H5N1 (Maemura et al, 2018;Maemura et al, 2020), HBV (Zhao X. et al, 2019), HIV (Bernard et al, 2014), HSV-1 (Han et al, 2016;Huang et al, 2019), influenza (Liu Y. et al, 2019), Rabies (Wang et al, 2019a), RSV (Chahar et al, 2018), West Nile (Slonchak et al, 2019) EVs from infected cells can trigger the secretion of proinflammatory molecules in other cells HIV (Sampey et al, 2016;Mukhamedova et al, 2019), H5N1 (Maemura et al, 2018;Maemura et al, 2020), HBV (Zhao X. et al, 2019), RSV (Chahar et al, 2018) EVs involved in IFN-mediated responses DENV (Martins et al, 2018), HBV (Yao et al, 2019;Zhao X. et al, 2019), HCV (Dreux et al, 2012;Okamoto et al, 2014), HIV-1 (Khatua et al, 2009), HSV-1 (Huang et al, 2019), influenza EVs that can restrict viral replication Rabies (Wang et al, 2019a), HBV (Zhao X. et al, 2019), HIV (Ouattara et al, 2018), Induction of massive inflammatory responses/vascular permeability DENV (Sung et al, 2019) EVs can block/impair viral propagation Enterovirus (Chen et al, 2015), Influenza (Liu Y. et al, 2019), HIV-1 (Khatua et al, 2009), HSV-1 (Han et al, 2016;Deschamps and Kalamvoki, 2018;Huang et al, 2019), Rabies…”

Section: Mechanism Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can directly inhibit HIV-1 cellular entry, prevent transmission of HIV from vaginal epithelial cells to monocytes, T lymphocytes and PBMCs. They can also inhibit replication after internalization by blocking reverse transcriptase activity and inhibiting binding of transcription factors to the HIV1 promoter (Ouattara et al, 2018). This helps to explain the low infection rates of people exposed to the virus (Ouattara et al, 2018;Welch et al, 2019).…”

Section: Mechanism Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Martins

Alves

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Extracellular vesicles are small membrane structures containing proteins and nucleic acids that are gaining a lot of attention lately. They are produced by most cells and can be detected in several body fluids, having a huge potential in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. EVs produced by infected cells usually have a molecular signature that is very distinct from healthy cells. For intracellular pathogens like viruses, EVs can have an even more complex function, since the viral biogenesis pathway can overlap with EV pathways in several ways, generating a continuum of particles, like naked virions, EVs containing infective viral genomes and quasi-enveloped viruses, besides the classical complete viral particles that are secreted to the extracellular space. Those particles can act in recipient cells in different ways. Besides being directly infective, they also can prime neighbor cells rendering them more susceptible to infection, block antiviral responses and deliver isolated viral molecules. On the other hand, they can trigger antiviral responses and cytokine secretion even in uninfected cells near the infection site, helping to fight the infection and protect other cells from the virus. This protective response can also backfire, when a massive inflammation facilitated by those EVs can be responsible for bad clinical outcomes. EVs can help or harm the antiviral response, and sometimes both mechanisms are observed in infections by the same virus. Since those pathways are intrinsically interlinked, understand the role of EVs during viral infections is crucial to comprehend viral mechanisms and respond better to emerging viral diseases.

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“…Reports suggest that exosomes from healthy individuals inhibit HIV-1 replication by blocking viral RNA reverse transcription. Exosomes secreted from the cells and secreted in biological fluids-semen [87][88][89], vaginal fluids [78], and breast milk [90]-suppress HIV-1 replication. Researchers have reported that HIV-1 replication is blocked by semen and vaginal exosomes at the post-entry stage before integration (e.g., reverse transcription level) [78,89].…”

Section: Semen Vaginal Fluids Breast Milk and Other Biological Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an abundance of plasma exosomes and the size of exosomes correlate inversely with CD4 counts and correlate positively with CD8T cell counts, thus indicating HIV disease progression [63]. On the other hand, as the EVs, particularly exosomes, derived from semen [87][88][89], vaginal fluids [78], and breast milk [90] have been identified as inhibitory to HIV, these exosomes could be used as a potential therapy against HIV infection. These EVs have protective properties that can restrain vertical and horizontal viral transmission.…”

Section: Future Perspectives On Evs In Hiv Infection and Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection and Wound Healing

Alqatawni

Sharma

Attilus

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication. They are naturally released from cells into the extracellular environment. Based on their biogenesis, release pathways, size, content, and function, EVs are classified into exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs). Previous research has documented that EVs, specifically exosomes and MVs, play an important role in HIV infection, either by promoting HIV infection and pathogenesis or by inhibiting HIV-1 to a certain extent. We have also previously reported that EVs (particularly exosomes) from vaginal fluids inhibit HIV at the post-entry step (i.e., reverse transcription, integration). Besides the role that EVs play in HIV, they are also known to regulate the process of wound healing by regulating both the immune and inflammatory responses. It is noted that during the advanced stages of HIV infection, patients are at greater risk of wound-healing and wound-related complications. Despite ongoing research, the data on the actual effects of EVs in HIV infection and wound healing are still premature. This review aimed to update the current knowledge about the roles of EVs in regulating HIV pathogenesis and wound healing. Additionally, we highlighted several avenues of EV involvement in the process of wound healing, including coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Understanding the role of EVs in HIV infection and wound healing could significantly contribute to the development of new and potent antiviral therapeutic strategies and approaches to resolve impaired wounds in HIV patients.

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Seminal exosomes and HIV‐1 transmission

Cited by 29 publications

References 62 publications

Challenges in the Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Cancer Exosomes—Implications for Translational Research

Challenges in the Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Cancer Exosomes—Implications for Translational Research

Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Shedding Light on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection and Wound Healing

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