Semipermeable membranes of cellulose acetate for desalination in the process of reverse osmosis. III. Bound water relationships

Vincent, A.; Barsh, Max K.; Kesting, R. E.

doi:10.1002/app.1965.070090704

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Reid and Breton [16] argued that the presence of lyophyllic groups in the membrane material is a prerequisite for it to serve as a semipermeable membrane [17]. Accordingly, the permeants with no hydrogen bonding will be transported by hole type diffusion and hydrogen bonded permeants will be transported by an alignment-type of diffusion [18].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic Phenomena at the Cement and Vanadium Pentoxide — Nonaqueous and Mixed Solvent Interface

Srivastava¹,

Lal²,

Kunwar³

1981

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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A study of electro-osmosis of acetone, butan-2-one, butan-1-ol and their binary mixtures has been carried out and the data analyzed using non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Concentration dependence of the various phenomenological coefficients has also been investigated. Characterization of the membrane has been performed by calculating the pore size and the number of pores. Electrophoretic velocities of the particles of the portland cement and vanadium pentoxide dispersed in the permeants have been measured. The results obtained have been explained on the basis of the structure of the electrical double layer.

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Section: Characterization Of the Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic Phenomena at the Cement and Vanadium Pentoxide — Nonaqueous and Mixed Solvent Interface

Srivastava¹,

Lal²,

Kunwar³

1981

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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“…17 and Tab. 4) when the X-ray crystallinity was studied. The results of the P series indicate a slightly higher overall crystallinity than that of the I series.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular copolyamides, 7. Water absorption in regular copolyoxamides

1979

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Water absorption at 93 % relative humidity and 25°C was determined for 12 regular aliphatic/aromatic copolyoxamides. The equilibrium water absorption ranges from 7 % to 30%, varied with the polymer structure and is highest in polymers with high amide concentration. The water absorption is reversible and seems to consist of a two-step process, rapid absorption of water by polymer followed by a slower second stage as equilibrium is approached. These polymers have low crystallinity and the water absorption does not occur in crystalline regions. All water is bound to the polymer; it may be freed by heating the hydrated polymer above 100°C, but rebinds completely at room temperature. a) Part 6 : ~f . '~) . *) Systematic name: poly(iminooxalyliminoethy1eneiminoisoterephthaloyliminoethylene)' 'I.

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“…Using different polymeric materials in the chromatographic columns, and benzyl alcohol (benz alc), phenol, and phenethyl alcohol (phen alc) as the reference solutes and potassium biphthalate as the unretained component (uc), and assuming that the free energy change in the adsorption equilibrium in LSC is a linear function of the polar-, and nonpolar-character of each of the solute and polymer material involved, the following relationships have been derived for the ar-and anParamet5 representing the polar (hydrogen bonding) and nonpolar (6) and an = 0.188 ln r1 + 0.812 ln r2 (7) where r = (t The quantities ln r and ln r2 represent the differences in free energy changes in the adsorption equilibriums for the solutes l and 2 involved. The constants in Eqs.…”

Section: Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The science of reverse osmosis-mechanisms, membranes, transport and applications

Sourirajan¹

1978

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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-A view of the science of reverse osmosis on the basis of the preferential sorption-capillary flow mechanism is presented. Preferential sorption at the membrane-solution interface is a function of solute-solventmembrane material interactions arising from polar-, steric-, nonpolar-, and/or ionic-character of each one of the above components. Quantitative parameters for characterizing solutes and membrane materials at aqueous solution-membrane interfaces have been generated. Basic transport equations suitable for membrane specification and system analysis, and applicable for all membrane materials and membranes at all levels of solute separations have been developed for reverse osmosis systems involving aqueous solutions and preferential sorption of water at the membrane-solution interface. The polar, steric, and nonpolar parameters characterizing solutes have been built into the above transport equations through appropriate additional equations and correlations. As a result, it is now possible to predict the performance of a membrane for a large number of single and mixed solute aqueous feed solutions from only a single set of experimental reverse osmosis data for a reference NaC1-H20 feed solution. This is illustrated.

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Semipermeable membranes of cellulose acetate for desalination in the process of reverse osmosis. III. Bound water relationships

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Electrokinetic Phenomena at the Cement and Vanadium Pentoxide — Nonaqueous and Mixed Solvent Interface

Electrokinetic Phenomena at the Cement and Vanadium Pentoxide — Nonaqueous and Mixed Solvent Interface

Regular copolyamides, 7. Water absorption in regular copolyoxamides

The science of reverse osmosis-mechanisms, membranes, transport and applications

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