The Semiphenomenological Model of the Nucleus (SPM) is applied to describing the mechanisms of the inelastic and elastic scattering of nucleons by nuclei. Perturbation theory for the SPM "residual" interaction (including the first and second order) is used as calculational method. Cross sections, angular distributions, widths of resonant states and the imaginary part of optical potential are considered in a unified manner (one-step and twostep transitions being taken into account). Numerical estimates are given for the target nucleus W a , quasiparticle states being taken as intermediate ones.