Sendai Virus-Vectored Vaccines That Express Envelope Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses

Abstract

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are leading causes of respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and individuals of all ages with immunosuppression. Vaccination strategies against these pneumoviruses and paramyxoviruses are vast in number, yet no licensed vaccines are available. Here, we review development of Sendai virus (SeV), a versatile pediatric vaccine that can (a) serve as a Jennerian vaccine against HPIV1, (b) serve as a recombinant vaccine against HRSV, HPIV2, HPIV3, and HMPV, (c) accommodate foreign genes for viral glycoproteins in multiple intergenic positions, (d) induce durable, mucosal, B-cell, and T-cell immune responses without enhanced immunopathology, (e) protect cotton rats, African green monkeys, and chimpanzees from infection, and (f) be formulated into a vaccine cocktail. Clinical phase I safety trials of SeV have been completed in adults and 3–6-year-old children. Clinical testing of SeVRSV, an HRSV fusion (F) glycoprotein gene recombinant, has also been completed in adults. Positive results from these studies, and collaborative efforts with the National Institutes of Health and the Serum Institute of India assist advanced development of SeV-based vaccines. Prospects are now good for vaccine successes in infants and consequent protection against serious viral disease.

APOBEC3B drives PKR-mediated translation shutdown and protects stress granules in response to viral infection

“…We initially focused on Sendai virus (SeV) as a tool to activate the innate immune response in host cells. SeV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus commonly used to understand the replication and pathogenesis of the Paramyxoviridae family that includes mumps, measles, Nipah, human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1), and respiratory syncytial viruses 48 . It is very challenging to monitor endogenous A3B localization by immunofluorescence due to low expression levels and because A3B antibodies cross-react with other APOBEC members, due to the strong sequence homology.…”

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines: A Review of the Candidates and the Approved Vaccines

“…SeVRSV, supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, expresses genetic information for the production of the F Protein from RSV and immunizes infants against human PIV-1 and RSV based on the Sendai virus, which is a parainfluenza virus-type 1 (PIV-1) that is not virulent in humans [61,94]. Despite the low levels of induced immune response in a group of seropositive adults tested in a Phase I clinical trial (NCT03473002), the safety characteristics with mild or moderate AEs suggest the further evaluation of the vaccine in seronegative children [61].…”

Immunotherapy: A new target for cancer cure (Review)

“…Inactivated Sendai virus is used to induce cell fusion; the fusion rate is high and it is suitable for various types of animal cell. Because Sendai virus is unstable, the preparation process it is cumbersome and may affect the normal function after entering the cell ( 102 ). Polyethylene glycol has good water solubility and adhesion, and is a commonly used chemical reagent for the fusion of cells.…”