Sennoside Yields in Tinnevelly Senna Affected by Deflowering and Leaf Maturity

Abstract

<jats:p>Manual deflowering and leaf maturity were evaluated for effect on the yields of the bioactive sennosides A and B in Tinnevelly senna (<jats:italic>Cassia angustifolia</jats:italic> Vahl). Deflowering increased sennoside A and B concentration (percent dry weight) in leaves by 25%, the total leaf dry mass by 63%, and the harvest index by 22%, with the result that the sennoside A and B yield (grams) per plant doubled in response to deflowering. During the same time, net photosynthesis remained consistently lower in the deflowered plants. Youngest leaves had the greatest sennoside A and B concentration. A clone raised from cuttings of one seedling had lower sennoside A:B ratio than the plants raised from the seedlings. Although crop type and possibly environmental conditions influenced the sennoside A:B ratio, deflowering and leaf maturity had no effect. The sennoside A and B concentrations in the dried leaves of deflowered plants harvested in 1.5-hour intervals appeared to increase during the course of the day. Deflowering, harvesting of young leaves, and harvesting time of day constitute promising component technologies for field investigations.</jats:p>

Next Generation Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis Predicts Biosynthetic Pathway of Sennosides from Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.), a Non-Model Plant with Potent Laxative Properties

“…Decrease in sennosides content from youngest leaf to the leaf at the seventh node suggests that young leaf is an important tissue for the study of sennosides biosynthesis and transport. Earlier workers [ 5 ] also noticed higher concentration of sennosides in the youngest leaf and concentration decreased from youngest leaf to mature leaf. Although not quantified according to nodal position, other workers [ 64 , 65 ] have reported significantly higher sennosides content in the young leaves compared to mature leaves.…”

“…[ 1 ], popular as “Tirunelveli senna” is used worldwide as natural laxative. The drug senna is mentioned in various texts of indigenous systems of medicine (Ayurveda, Siddha Unani and Homoeopathy) in India, pharmacopeias of United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and other counties [ 2 – 5 ]. Tirunelveli is a place in south India where senna was introduced in India for the first time in the mid-eighteenth century and it is extensively cultivated, processed, and exported to various countries under the brand name “Tirunelveli senna” hence the name.…”

Sennosides Determination of Ethiopian Senna alexandrina Mill Accessions

“…This is occurred due to the season of sampling which was lowering season, leads to shi t the secondary metabolite from leaf to lower and pod. Complimentary results were reported by Ratnayaka et al [11] de lowering increases the sennoside A and B concentration in the leaf by 25% and also sennosides content maximize at the age of 90 days which is before lowering [12].…”

Gas Exchange and Leaf Ultrastructure of Tinnevelly Senna, Cassia angustifolia, under Drought and Nitrogen Stress

“…Given that all plants had received one basal nitrogen supply at the start of the experiment, it is important to consider how severe a nitrogen stress was imposed on the plants not treated with foliar nitrogen. Ratnayaka et al (2002) reported >4.5% leaf nitrogen content and approximately 35 μmol m −2 s −1 P net in senna grown in garden plots with high soil nitrogen (estimated nitrogen release of 157 kg ha −1 ) and no water stress. In the current study, leaf nitrogen content was highest under water stress, 4.0% with and 3.7% without nitrogen treatment.…”