This article concerns the assessment of the level of energy independence of European Union countries, including Poland, based on selected indicators, such as: the level of final energy consumption in a household per capita, GDP per capita, GDP energy consumption, net import dependency ratio (NID). The article shows that the energy sector, mostly based on the great extent of hard coal and lignite (77%) in Poland is because of the rich amount of these resources in the country which in result makes it more self-sufficient than most EU countries. The mining sector in Poland is a strategic branch of the national economy and determines the country’s energy security, but its continuous transformation is still necessary mostly due to the variable conditions of said industry and how closely related they are to the ecological aspects. The article also refers to the economic situation of the studied mining regions in Poland, which in recent years have shown a significant downward trend in economic dynamics.