Sense, model and identify the load signatures of HVAC systems in metro stations

Abstract

The Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in subway stations are energy consuming giants, each of which may consume over 10, 000 Kilowatts per day for cooling and ventilation. To save energy for the HVAC systems, it is critically important to firstly know the "load signatures" of the HVAC system, i.e., the quantity of heat imported from the outdoor environments and by the passengers respectively as a function of time, which will significantly benefit the control policies. In this paper, we present a novel sensing and learning approach to identify the load signature of the HVAC system in the subway stations. In particular, sensors and smart meters were deployed to monitor the indoor, outdoor temperatures, and the energy consumptions of the HVAC system in real-time. The number of passengers was counted by the ticket checking system. At the same time, the cooling supply provided by the HVAC system was inferred via the energy consumption logs of the HVAC system. Since the indoor temperature variations are driven by the difference of the loads and the cooling supply, linear regression model was proposed for the load signature, whose coefficients are derived via a proposed algorithm . We collected real sensing data and energy log data from HaiDianHuangZhuang Subway station from the duration of July. 2012 to Sept. 2012. The data was used to evaluate the coefficients of the regression model. The experiment validated the presented load signature, which may provide important contexts for smart control policies.

Monitoring and autonomous control of Beijing Subway HVAC system for energy sustainability

“…The quantity of heat cooled down by the HVAC system in a unit time is defined as the supply of the HVAC system, which is defined based on the different working modes of the HVAC system (Wang et al, 2014):…”

“…Since the coefficients are required to be nonnegative, directly applying the least square estimation is inefficient. In Wang et al (2014), we have developed a search algorithm to find the coefficients that best match the integrated supply and integrated load.…”

A Web-Based Office Climate Control System Using Wireless Sensors

“…Advanced systems in this domain use proportional-integralderivative (PID) controllers (such as in the systems in [8]- [12]) which aim to minimize errors in the heating/cooling cycle, but sacrifice simplicity of installation and use. In order to compensate for varying load conditions, it is possible to implement self-tuning PID controllers [13].…”