Sense of coherence moderates the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and oral health-related quality of life in schoolchildren

Noronha, Thaís Gioda; Knorst, Jéssica Klöckner; Godois, Leonardo da Silva; Emmanuelli, Bruno; Ardenghi, Thiago Machado; Tomazoni, Fernanda

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104432

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Moreover, it has been postulated that when two or more factors (e.g., psychological stress and support from social networks) affect a health condition (e.g., OHRQoL) by the same mechanism (e.g., health behaviors and missing teeth), they can interact by antagonism or synergy 33 , 34 : one factor can modify the effect of another ( Figure 1 ). Although plausible, the hypothesis that social support networks interact with discrimination and stress by antagonism has not yet been well investigated; previous studies with adults and schoolchildren have shown that indicators of social capital reduced the effect of perceived stress on oral health 35 and that the sense of coherence reduced the effect of perceived discrimination on quality of life 36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between psychological stress, discrimination, and oral health-related quality of life: the buffering effects of social support networks

Pinheiro,

Ritzel,

Hugo

et al. 2024

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Stress and discrimination negatively affect quality of life, but social support may buffer their effects. This study aims: (1) to examine the associations between psychological stress, discrimination, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL); and (2) to assess whether social support, stress and discrimination interact to modify their associations with OHRQoL. We used cross-sectional household-based data from a study including 396 individuals aged 14 years and over from families registered for government social benefits in a city in Southern Brazil. OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) scale; psychological stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); social support was assessed based on the number of close relatives or friends of the participant, and discrimination was assessed with a short version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale. Interactions were estimated using the relative excess of risk due to interaction (RERI). Adjusted effects were calculated with logistic regression. The prevalence of oral impacts among people with higher and lower PSS scores was 81.6% and 65.5%, respectively (p < 0.01). Social support was found to have no interactions with stress levels and discrimination. The association between social discrimination and OHRQoL (OIDP score > 0) was OR = 2.03 (95%CI: 1.23; 3.34) among people with a low level of stress, but was OR = 12.6 (95%CI: 1.31; 120.9) among those with higher levels (p = 0.09, for interaction). Individuals who reported experiencing higher levels of psychological stress and discrimination had worse OHRQoL; a synergistic effect with social support was not clear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between psychological stress, discrimination, and oral health-related quality of life: the buffering effects of social support networks

Pinheiro,

Ritzel,

Hugo

et al. 2024

Cad. Saúde Pública

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“…Studies including race and ethnicity in their analyses should thus state a plausible hypothesis for their association with health, and must include racism and discrimination as explanations (Braveman & Parker, 2021; Kaplan & Bennett, 2003). The explanation related to racial discrimination is especially important, given the evidence supporting the association of racial discrimination with poor oral health outcomes (Borrell & Crawford, 2022; Muralikrishnan & Sabbah, 2021; Noronha et al, 2023; Singhal & Jackson, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on racial/ethnic inequities in oral health over the past 80 years: The role of racism

Celeste,

Goulart,

Bastos

et al. 2023

J Clinic Periodontology

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AimThis study aims to (1) describe trends in explanations provided for racial/ethnic inequities in dental caries and periodontitis, and (2) explore the patterns of relatedness among explanations for these inequities.Materials and MethodsHighly cited publications based on studies indexed in the Scopus database were retrieved and assessed for eligibility. Explanations for racial/ethnic inequities were classified into eight different, but interrelated domains. We assessed trends and examined the relations among explanations using multiple correspondence analysis.ResultsA total of 200 articles among the most cited publications were selected. The proportion of studies invoking racism as an explanation for racial inequities in oral health increased from 0% to 14.3%, from 1937 to 2020. The proportions of individual socio‐economic factors increased from 52.0% to 82.9%, and dental care from 28.0% to 62.9%. The remaining explanations were stable: psychological/behavioural processes (62.5%), biological factors (49.5%), contextual/area‐level effects (24.0%) and immigrant paradox (4.0%). Multiple correspondence analysis revealed a smaller axial distance between racism and the following categories: studies from Brazil, recent publications and Blacks/Hispanics/mixed‐race groups. Publications about immigrants were axially closer to the high‐income countries category.ConclusionsOur findings call on dental researchers to consider racism as a cause for existing racial/ethnic inequities in oral health.

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Bullying and oral health in Egyptian adolescents: the moderating role of sense of coherence and resistance to peer influence

Elwan,

Samaha,

Abdelaziz

2024

BMC Oral Health

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Background Bullying is the intentional, repeated and prolonged aggressive behavior towards victim(s) who feel powerless to defend themselves. It could influence adolescents’ mental health. Some adolescents possess coping skills which enable them to overcome such adversities. The present study assessed the association between bullying, sense of coherence (SOC), resistance to peer influence (RPI) and oral health in Egyptian adolescents. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey that included 12–16 year old adolescents attending 6 schools in Damanhour, Egypt was conducted from March to December 2023. Data were collected through clinical examination and self-administered questionnaires. Clinical examination assessed dental caries (DMFT), oral hygiene (plaque index) and gingival condition (gingival index). Toothbrushing frequency and sugar consumption were assessed by (World Health Organization-child form), bullying (Revised Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire), SOC (Sense of Coherence Scale-Short Form) and RPI (Resistance to Peer Influence Questionnaire). The independent variables were bullying, SOC and RPI. The dependent variables were untreated caries, gingival inflammation and toothbrushing frequency. Multivariable multilevel regression assessed the relationship between the independent and dependent variables after adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted regression coefficients (B), adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Effect modifications by SOC and RPI were evaluated. Results The response rate was 95.25% (N = 602), mean (SD) age was 14.01 (1.15). Half of the students (49.83%) were girls. About 42% had untreated caries, only 15.78% brushed their teeth twice daily and the mean (SD) gingival index was 1.57 (0.40). About 25% were victims, (9.30%) bullies and (18.60%) bully-victims. Victims showed significantly lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing (AOR = 0.52, p = 0.04). Bullies and bully-victims showed non-significantly higher odds of untreated caries (AOR = 1.42, p = 0.25), (AOR = 1.21, p = 0.42), respectively. Bullying was not associated with gingival inflammation. Higher SOC and RPI mitigated the impact of bullying on untreated caries and toothbrushing frequency. Conclusion Bullying was associated with higher odds of untreated caries and lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing in Egyptian adolescents. Higher SOC and RPI alleviated this relationship, highlighting the importance of individual coping strategies to oral health.

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Sense of coherence moderates the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and oral health-related quality of life in schoolchildren

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Associations between psychological stress, discrimination, and oral health-related quality of life: the buffering effects of social support networks

Associations between psychological stress, discrimination, and oral health-related quality of life: the buffering effects of social support networks

Research on racial/ethnic inequities in oral health over the past 80 years: The role of racism

Bullying and oral health in Egyptian adolescents: the moderating role of sense of coherence and resistance to peer influence

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