Sensibilidad antibiótica de  Staphylococcus aureus  y  Streptococcus pneumoniae  en personas portadoras nasales sanas en atención primaria en el área de Barcelona

Llor, Carles; Boada, Albert Bastardas i; Pons‐Vigués, Mariona; Grenzner, Elisabet; Juvé, Rosa; Almeda, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2016.12.008

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During the past decades, methicillin-resistant S. aureus has been the leading cause of a wide range of clinical infections [17], which includes infections such as cellulitis, pyomyositis, arthritis, and osteomyelitis [18]. S. aureus has shown resistance to antibiotics, such as phenoxymethylpenicillin (87.1%), azithromycin (11.6%), and erythromycin (11.2%) [19], being vancomycin currently the main drug used to treat most diseases associated with methicillin-resistant S. aureus [20]. In this context, the search for new leader structures originated from plants to obtain new and more powerful compounds that allow the control of resistant infectious organisms is becoming increasingly necessary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Effect ofLuma apiculata(DC.) Burret Extracts in Clinically Important Bacteria

Araya-Contreras

Veas

Escobar

et al. 2019

International Journal of Microbiology

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Nosocomial infections caused by bacteria are one of the main public health problems. Moreover, the resistance to antibiotics by these bacteria makes it necessary to find new treatments to fight them. Objective. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret extracts on bacteria of clinical importance. Materials and Methods. In this study, extracts were obtained at room temperature by successive extraction of L. apiculata leaves, flowers, and branches and treated separately with solvents of ascending polarity (i.e., hexane, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water) to extract the compounds depending on their polarity. Then, the extract's antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus sp, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Results. The hexane extract of L. apiculata leaves resulted to be active against all bacteria tested. Among them, S. aureus showed to be the more susceptible, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 120 μg/ml. In addition, a growth curve was performed, and colonies were counted. A decrease in bacterial growth was observed when the hexane extract of L. apiculata leaves was added. Besides, the hexane extracts of L. apiculata flowers resulted to be active against all Gram-positive tested bacteria. However, at higher concentrations, this extract resulted inactive for the Gram-negative bacteria tested. The hexane extract of L. apiculata branches resulted to be inactive in all cases. The extracts obtained treating separately leaves, flowers, or branches with solvents of major polarity than the hexane in a successive extraction of ascending polarity methodology resulted also to be inactive as an antimicrobial against all bacteria tested. Discussion/Conclusion. The hexane extract of L. apiculata leaves showed the lower MIC against S. aureus when compared with extracts obtained from other parts of the plant. The growth curve and the colonies count suggest a bacteriostatic activity of the L. apiculata leaves extract against Staphylococcus aureus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Effect ofLuma apiculata(DC.) Burret Extracts in Clinically Important Bacteria

Araya-Contreras

Veas

Escobar

et al. 2019

International Journal of Microbiology

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“…We conducted a multi-centre cross-sectional study. The methodology of the APRES study has been described elsewhere [ 10 , 16 ]. Briefly, we studied the relationship of antibiotic prescription reimbursement data with the results of the samples collected during the APRES study of participants in 27 practices (18 GPs, eight paediatricians and one primary care nurse) from seven different primary healthcare centres in Catalonia in 2010–2011.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breakpoints for S. aureus have not changed since 2011. The genotypic structure of the isolated MRSA strains was established with the spa typing method [ 10 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The APRES (The appropriateness of prescribing antibiotics in primary care in Europe concerning antibiotic resistance) project aimed at providing information and recommendations on the appropriateness of prescribing antibiotics in primary health care in nine European countries and was funded by the European Commission [ 12 ]. Several papers on the prevalence of S. aureus and pneumococcus carriage, and the association with demographic variables and antibiotic resistance, have been published so far [ 10–15 ]. However, information about previous individual antibiotic exposure was only available in Spain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Previous antibiotic exposure and antibiotic resistance of commensal Staphylococcus aureus in Spanish primary care

Boada

Pons‐Vigués

Real

et al. 2018

European Journal of General Practice

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Introduction: Commensal flora of healthy people is becoming an important reservoir of resistant bacteria.Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of previous antibiotic-dispensed and resistance pattern of strains of Staphylococcus aureus in primary care patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in seven primary care centres in Catalonia, Spain, from October 2010 to May 2011, as part of the APRES (The appropriateness of prescribing antibiotics in primary care in Europe concerning antibiotic resistance) study. Outpatients aged 4 or more who did not present an infectious disease and had not taken antibiotic or had not been hospitalised in the previous 3 months were invited to participate. Nasal swabs were collected for S. aureus culture, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out. Antibiotics dispensed boxes in the previous 4 years were extracted from Information System for Research in Primary Care.Results: A total of 4,001 nasal swabs were collected, and 3,969 were tested for identification, 765 S. aureus were tested for resistance. Resistance rates to penicillin, azithromycin and methicillin were 87.1%, 11.6% and 1.3%, respectively, and a total of 10 MRSA strains were isolated (1.3%). Penicillin-resistant staphylococci were statistically significantly associated with the previous number of packages of penicillin dispensed (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04–1.35).Conclusion: Although no causal inference is possible, an association was observed between previous antibiotic dispensation and isolation of resistant organisms in community-dwelling individuals, mainly between packages of penicillin and penicillin-resistant staphylococci.

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“…Este efecto podría estar opacando muchos de todos los esfuerzos realizados en los años 90, ya que a partir del 2000 se observa un auge en la mortalidad por BN en el país, lo que indica que el pulso lo ha ganado el poseer cada día población más vulnerable, a pesar de las medidas empleadas. Otro fenómeno, que podría estar relacionado, es que en las últimas dos décadas se ha visto un aumento en la resistencia de uno de los principales gérmenes implicados, como el S. pneumoniae hacia las penicilinas (11,12); se estima que a partir de los años 1998-2000 hubo un aumento en la resistencia de hasta un 300%. Los estudios, realizados específicamente en América Latina, concluyeron que la resistencia del S. pneumoniae a las penicilinas en esos años fue de un 15.5% en adultos entre 41-60 años de edad, y de un 11.3% en adultos mayores de 65 años (13).…”

Section: Bronconeumonía Presentación Clínicaunclassified

Mortalidad y perfil epidemiológico de la bronconeumonía en Costa Rica de 1990 al 2016

2020

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Introducción: la bronconeumonía continúa siendo una causa infectocontagiosa de elevada mortalidad en el país y ocupa los primeros lugares de causas de muerte, a pesar del auge en los últimos años de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Metodología: se procedió a recolectar información del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos bajo la codificación de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE) 9 de 1990 a 1997 y CIE 10 de 1998 en adelante y se obtuvieron la totalidad de muertes por bronconeumonía disgregado por sexo, grupos de edad, provincia y cantón. Resultados: se observó que las personas mayores de 50 años, en especial los mayores de 70 años, son el grupo más afectado, seguido por los menores de 5 años. También se logró observar que el sexo más afectado fueron los hombres y que San José y Alajuela fueron las provincias con más casos de mortalidad por bronconeumonía. En las zonas rurales hubo mayor mortalidad en comparación con zonas urbanas y Heredia mantuvo de forma constante las tasas más bajas en comparación con las otras provincias. Las medidas tomadas como la extensión en la atención en salud, leyes para el control del tabaco, guías de manejo de enfermedad cardiovascular, esfuerzos por los medicamentos para el asma y EPOC, la vacunación contra el neumococo, y a partir del 2018 contra la influenza no han sido efectivas para disminuir de forma significativa la mortalidad a lo largo del país. Conclusión: Costa Rica no cuenta con una guía para el manejo de esta patología, las medidas implementadas no han logrado disminuir la mortalidad por esta patología.

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Sensibilidad antibiótica de Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus pneumoniae en personas portadoras nasales sanas en atención primaria en el área de Barcelona

Abstract: These pathogens have lower resistance rates in the community than in the hospital setting. Primary Care physicians must be more aware of the current antimicrobial resistance, in order to ensure prudent use of antibiotics.

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Antibacterial Effect ofLuma apiculata(DC.) Burret Extracts in Clinically Important Bacteria

Antibacterial Effect ofLuma apiculata(DC.) Burret Extracts in Clinically Important Bacteria

Previous antibiotic exposure and antibiotic resistance of commensal Staphylococcus aureus in Spanish primary care

Mortalidad y perfil epidemiológico de la bronconeumonía en Costa Rica de 1990 al 2016

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