Sensing Hydrates in Pipes by a Combined Electrical and Optical Fiber Sensor

Longo, Jean Paulo Nakatu; Galvão, José Rodolfo; Antes, Theresa; Santos, Eduardo Nunes dos; Silva, Jean C. C. da; Martelli, Cícero; Sum, Amadeu K.; Morales, Rigoberto E. M.; Silva, Marco J. da

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.2966086

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Additionally, hybrid instruments, where conductivity or impedance-based probes are co-operated with optical fibre sensors, have been demonstrated [12,59]. In these instruments, the sensing principle of the FBG elements remains the same as described above, whereas the electrical-based components of the system utilise the difference in conductivity of the different phases of a fluid to determine the phase of the fluid interacting with the sensor, similar to the operation of a WMS.…”

Section: Void Fraction and Flow Regime Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Characterisation Using Fibre Bragg Gratings and Their Potential Use in Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics Experiments

Plows,

Li,

Dahlfors

et al. 2023

JNE

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With the ever-increasing role that nuclear power is playing to meet the aim of net zero carbon emissions, there is an intensified demand for understanding the thermal hydraulic phenomena at the heart of current and future reactor concepts. In response to this demand, the development of high-resolution flow analysis instrumentation is of increased importance. One such under-utilised and under-researched instrumentation technology, in the context of fluid flow analysis, is fibre Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors. This technology allows for the construction of simple, minimally invasive instruments that are resistant to high temperatures, high pressures and corrosion, while being adaptable to measure a wide range of fluid properties, including temperature, pressure, refractive index, chemical concentration, flow rate and void fraction—even in opaque media. Furthermore, concertinaing FBG arrays have been developed capable of reconstructing 3D images of large phase structures, such as bubbles in slug flow, that interact with the array. Currently a significantly under-explored application, FBG-based instrumentation thus shows great potential for utilisation in experimental thermal hydraulics; expanding the available flow characterisation and imaging technologies. Therefore, this paper will present an overview of current FBG-based flow characterisation technologies, alongside a systematic review of how these techniques have been utilised in nuclear thermal hydraulics experiments. Finally, a discussion will be presented regarding how these techniques can be further developed and used in nuclear research.

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Section: Void Fraction and Flow Regime Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Characterisation Using Fibre Bragg Gratings and Their Potential Use in Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics Experiments

Plows,

Li,

Dahlfors

et al. 2023

JNE

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“…Therefore, in some cases electrical resistance cannot detect hydrate, when the solution is oil‐based or nonconductive. Sensor‐based on the conjunct method of optic fiber and impedance spectra is easily manufactured, inexpensive, and fully functional 8 . However, this method must be in contact with the pipeline contents, and it may lead to corrosion, leakage, and other potential dangers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 The generation of a hydrate plug is believed to begin with thin hydrate layers on the pipeline wall, and these thin layers collapse into bulk hydrate lumps, which deteriorate into a plug. 4 Kinds of jobs have been focused on hydrate detection inside the pipeline, and different detection means have been attempted, such as ultrasound, 5,6 visual flow loop, 6 electrical resistance, 7 conjunct method of optic fiber and impedance spectra, 8 neutron-induced analytical techniques, 9 and so forth. Those research has revealed the potential of each method in hydrate detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensor-based on the conjunct method of optic fiber and impedance spectra is easily manufactured, inexpensive, and fully functional. 8 However, this method must be in contact with the pipeline contents, and it may lead to corrosion, leakage, and other potential dangers. Although the neutron-induced analytical techniques are relatively simple and fast, the equipment of the neutron-induced analytical techniques is expensive and has potential radiation hazards, 9 and it is not suitable for long-term dynamic monitoring in large areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noncontact monitoring of thin hydrate layers with microwave cavity resonator

Wang

Xing

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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Physical chemistry and technological applications of gas hydrates: topical aspects

Manakov¹,

Stoporev²

2021

Russ. Chem. Rev.

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The review considers the research and engineering works in selected fields of the physical chemistry of gas hydrates and gas hydrate technologies, mainly performed over the last 10–15 years. Data on the hydrate structures are given, including the structures formed during phase transitions at low temperatures, and on new hydrate structures that are formed under ultrahigh pressures. The dynamics of guest and host subsystems is considered in brief. Phase diagrams of systems involving hydrate formation (in particular, in some porous media) and methods for calculating phase equilibria and compositions of hydrates in these systems are analyzed. Data on the hydrates formed by ‘non-classical’ hydrate formers (alcohols, amines, ammonia, etc.) studied in the last decade and on some of their properties are presented. The Section devoted to hydrate formation kinetics addresses the effect of compounds dissolved in water (surfactants, low-dosage inhibitors) and catalysts on this process. The hydrate growth dynamics on the water surface and hydrate decomposition-formation processes in disperse systems are discussed. Among technological applications, the attention is focused on gas storage and transportation in the hydrate form. Methods for the preparation of hydrates are considered. The bibliography includes 618 references.

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Sensing Hydrates in Pipes by a Combined Electrical and Optical Fiber Sensor

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Flow Characterisation Using Fibre Bragg Gratings and Their Potential Use in Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics Experiments

Flow Characterisation Using Fibre Bragg Gratings and Their Potential Use in Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics Experiments

Noncontact monitoring of thin hydrate layers with microwave cavity resonator

Physical chemistry and technological applications of gas hydrates: topical aspects

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