Sensing single remote nuclear spins

Zhao, Nan; Honert, Jan; Schmid, Bernhard; Klas, Michael; Isoya, Junichi; Markham, Matthew; Twitchen, Daniel J.; Jelezko, Fedor; Liu, Ren‐Bao; Fedder, Helmut; Wrachtrup, Joerg

doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.152

Cited by 264 publications

(353 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, quantum superposition and correlation are fragile in an open quantum system. Notorious decoherence, [17][18][19] which is caused by interactions with noisy environments, is a major hurdle in the realization of fault-tolerant coherent operation 20,21 and scalable quantum computation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Markovianity-assisted high-fidelity Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm in diamond

et al. 2018

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The memory effects in non-Markovian quantum dynamics can induce the revival of quantum coherence, which is believed to provide important physical resources for quantum information processing (QIP). However, no real quantum algorithms have been demonstrated with the help of such memory effects. Here, we experimentally implemented a non-Markovianity-assisted highfidelity refined Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm (RDJA) with a solid spin in diamond. The memory effects can induce pronounced nonmonotonic variations in the RDJA results, which were confirmed to follow a non-Markovian quantum process by measuring the non-Markovianity of the spin system. By applying the memory effects as physical resources with the assistance of dynamical decoupling, the probability of success of RDJA was elevated above 97% in the open quantum system. This study not only demonstrates that the non-Markovianity is an important physical resource but also presents a feasible way to employ this physical resource. It will stimulate the application of the memory effects in non-Markovian quantum dynamics to improve the performance of practical QIP.npj Quantum Information (2018) 4:3 ; doi:10.1038/s41534-017-0053-z INTRODUCTION Based on quantum phenomena, such as superposition, correlation and entanglement, quantum information processing (QIP) has provided great advantages over its classical counterpart 1-3 in efficient algorithms, 4,5 secure communication, 6,7 and highprecision metrology. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, quantum superposition and correlation are fragile in an open quantum system. Notorious decoherence, [17][18][19] which is caused by interactions with noisy environments, is a major hurdle in the realization of fault-tolerant coherent operation 20,21 and scalable quantum computation. To further expand the implementation of QIP in open quantum systems, full understanding and control of environmental interactions are required. 17,[22][23][24] Many techniques have been developed to address this issue, including decoherence-free subspaces, 25 dynamical decoupling (DD) 13,26 and the geometric approach. 27 However, actively utilizing the environmental interactions would represent a significant achievement, compared with passively shielding them.Usually, the interaction of an open quantum system with a noisy environment exhibits memory-less dynamics with an irreversible loss of quantum coherence, that can be described by the Born-Markov approximation. 28 However, because of strong system-environment couplings, structured or finite reservoirs, low temperatures, or large initial system-environment correlations, the dynamics of an open quantum system may deviate substantially from the Born-Markov approximation and follow a non-Markovian process. [28][29][30][31][32] In such a process, the pronounced memory effect, which is the primary feature of a non-Markovian environment, can be used to revive the genuine quantum properties, 28-34 such as quantum coherence and correlations. Consequently, improving the performance of QIP by utilizing memo...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Markovianity-assisted high-fidelity Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm in diamond

et al. 2018

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“…Precision metrology has already been demonstrated for DC and AC fields [9][10][11][12][13][14] , spins within the diamond lattice [15][16][17][18] and surface spins 19 . Here, we demonstrate sensing and imaging of stochastic magnetic fluctuations originating from freely diffusing electron spins such as paramagnetic oxygen (O 2 , S ¼ 1), MnCl 2 (S ¼ 5/2) and Gadolinium ions (Gd 3 þ , S ¼ 7/2) in liquids, immobilized in polymers and linked specifically to cellular structures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Steinert¹,

Ziem²,

et al. 2013

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The detection of small numbers of magnetic spins is a significant challenge in the life, physical and chemical sciences, especially when room temperature operation is required. Here we show that a proximal nitrogen-vacancy spin ensemble serves as a high precision sensing and imaging array. Monitoring its longitudinal relaxation enables sensing of freely diffusing, unperturbed magnetic ions and molecules in a microfluidic device without applying external magnetic fields. Multiplexed charge-coupled device acquisition and an optimized detection scheme permits direct spin noise imaging of magnetically labelled cellular structures under ambient conditions. Within 20 s we achieve spatial resolutions below 500 nm and experimental sensitivities down to 1,000 statistically polarized spins, of which only 32 ions contribute to a net magnetization. The results mark a major step towards versatile subcellular magnetic imaging and real-time spin sensing under physiological conditions providing a minimally invasive tool to monitor ion channels or haemoglobin trafficking inside live cells.

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“…83,84 The methods presented here can be used to preserve pure qubit states in spite of these resonant dips [blue dashed curve in Fig. 12(c)], when it is not possible to suppress these dips with faster π-pulses [ Fig.…”

Section: Two-axis Dynamical Decouplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing the purity of a qubit evolving in an anisotropic environment

2015

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We provide a general method to calculate and maximize the purity of a qubit interacting with an anisotropic non-Markovian environment. Counter to intuition, we find that the purity is often maximized by preparing and storing the qubit in a superposition of non-interacting eigenstates. For a model relevant to decoherence of a heavy-hole spin qubit in a quantum dot or for a singlettriplet qubit for two electrons in a double quantum dot, we show that preparation of the qubit in its non-interacting ground state can actually be the worst choice to maximize purity. We further give analytical results for spin-echo envelope modulations of arbitrary spin components of a hole spin in a quantum dot, going beyond a standard secular approximation. We account for general dynamics in the presence of a pure-dephasing process and identify a crossover timescale at which it is again advantageous to initialize the qubit in the non-interacting ground state. Finally, we consider a general two-axis dynamical decoupling sequence and determine initial conditions that maximize purity, minimizing leakage to the environment.

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Sensing single remote nuclear spins

Cited by 264 publications

References 37 publications

Non-Markovianity-assisted high-fidelity Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm in diamond

Non-Markovianity-assisted high-fidelity Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm in diamond

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Maximizing the purity of a qubit evolving in an anisotropic environment

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