Sensing stress responses in potato with whole-plant redox imaging

Hipsch, Matanel; Lampl, Nardy; Zelinger, Einat; Barda, Orel; Rosenwasser, Shilo

doi:10.1101/2020.11.26.386573

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Exposure to stress can have strong effects on the glutathione redox status in plant cells and in different cellular compartments. For example, high light stress combined with low temperature induces a steep oxidation of the plastid glutathione pool in potato leaves [ 91 ]. Also, in response to pathogens, there is often accumulation of mitochondrial ROS which can impact the GSH:GSSG ratio in this organelle.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Intracellular Distribution and Degradation Of Glutathione And Their Regulation By Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

2021

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Glutathione is an essential metabolite for plant life best known for its role in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione is also involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) which, much like ROS, is produced at low levels by aerobic metabolism under normal conditions. While several physiological processes depend on ROS and MG, a variety of stresses can dramatically increase their concentration leading to potentially deleterious effects. In this review, we examine the structure and the stress regulation of the pathways involved in glutathione synthesis and degradation. We provide a synthesis of the current knowledge on the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway responsible for MG detoxification. We present recent developments on the organization of the glyoxalase pathway in which alternative splicing generate a number of isoforms targeted to various subcellular compartments. Stress regulation of enzymes involved in MG detoxification occurs at multiple levels. A growing number of studies show that oxidative stress promotes the covalent modification of proteins by glutathione. This post-translational modification is called S-glutathionylation. It affects the function of several target proteins and is relevant to stress adaptation. We address this regulatory function in an analysis of the enzymes and pathways targeted by S-glutathionylation.

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Section: Biosynthesis Intracellular Distribution and Degradation Of Glutathione And Their Regulation By Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

2021

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“…Genetically encoded ROS sensors “Ro-GFP” can monitor the cellular redox status at a high spatiotemporal resolution [ 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 ]. A recent study by Hipsch et al [ 200 ] measured the whole plant ROS generation in response to high light, cold, and drought by using a chloroplast-targeted redox-sensitive green fluorescence protein 2 (RoGFP2). This finding suggests that whole-plant redox imaging using genetically encoded ROS sensors can be applied in a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress conditions, including plant-herbivore interaction.…”

Section: Reactive Oxygen Species (Ros)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Role of Ion Channels in Early Defense Signaling against Herbivorous Insects

Gandhi

Kariyat

Harikishore

et al. 2021

Cells

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Plants and insect herbivores are in a relentless battle to outwit each other. Plants have evolved various strategies to detect herbivores and mount an effective defense system against them. These defenses include physical and structural barriers such as spines, trichomes, cuticle, or chemical compounds, including secondary metabolites such as phenolics and terpenes. Plants perceive herbivory by both mechanical and chemical means. Mechanical sensing can occur through the perception of insect biting, piercing, or chewing, while chemical signaling occurs through the perception of various herbivore-derived compounds such as oral secretions (OS) or regurgitant, insect excreta (frass), or oviposition fluids. Interestingly, ion channels or transporters are the first responders for the perception of these mechanical and chemical cues. These transmembrane pore proteins can play an important role in plant defense through the induction of early signaling components such as plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) fluctuation, intracellular calcium (Ca2+), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, followed by defense gene expression, and, ultimately, plant defense responses. In recent years, studies on early plant defense signaling in response to herbivory have been gaining momentum with the application of genetically encoded GFP-based sensors for real-time monitoring of early signaling events and genetic tools to manipulate ion channels involved in plant-herbivore interactions. In this review, we provide an update on recent developments and advances on early signaling events in plant-herbivore interactions, with an emphasis on the role of ion channels in early plant defense signaling.

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Early detection of late blight in potato by whole-plant redox imaging

Hipsch

Yaron

Lampl

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a most devastating disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Its early detection is crucial for suppressing disease spread. Necrotic lesions are normally seen in leaves at 4 dpi (days post inoculation) when colonized cells are dead, but early detection of the initial biotrophic growth stage, when the pathogen feeds on living cells, is challenging. Here, the biotrophic growth phase of P. infestans was detected by whole-plant redox imaging of potato plants expressing chloroplast-targeted reduction-oxidation sensitive green fluorescent protein (chl-roGFP2). Clear spots on potato leaves with a lower chl-roGFP2 oxidation state were detected as early as 2 dpi, before any visual symptoms were recorded. These spots were particularly evident during light-to-dark transitions and reflected mislocalization of chl-roGFP2 outside the chloroplasts, demonstrating perturbation of the chloroplast import system by the pathogen. Image analysis based on machine learning enabled systematic identification and quantification of spots and unbiased classification of infected and uninfected leaves in inoculated plants. Comparing redox to chlorophyll fluorescence imaging showed that infected leaf areas which exhibit mislocalized chl-roGFP2 also showed reduced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and enhanced quantum PSII yield (ΦPSII) compared to the surrounding leaf areas. The data suggest that mislocalization of chloroplast-targeted proteins is an efficient marker of late blight infection and demonstrate how it can be utilized for nondestructive monitoring of the disease biotrophic stage using whole-plant redox imaging.

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Sensing stress responses in potato with whole-plant redox imaging

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification

Deciphering the Role of Ion Channels in Early Defense Signaling against Herbivorous Insects

Early detection of late blight in potato by whole-plant redox imaging

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