Sensing System for Remote Areas in Antarctica

Porte, Joaquim; Maso, Josep Maria; Pijoan, J.L.; Badía, David

doi:10.1029/2019rs006920

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although there are some previous works related to the performance of this channel [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], this study shows how some physical characteristics of the ionosphere will improve the performance of the NVIS channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Although the satellite alternative seems notably solid, regions like the North and South Poles do not present coverage, thus making it difficult to get data from remote sensors. Some works [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] in high frequency (HF) communications validate the viability of ionospheric communications in remote areas [10]. This alternative proposes a new network for remote Internet of Things (RIoT) scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionospheric Polarization Techniques for Robust NVIS Remote Sensing Platforms

et al. 2020

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Every year more interest is focused on high frequencies (HF) communications for remote sensing platforms due to their capacity to establish links of more than 250 km without a line of sight and due to them being a low-cost alternative to satellite communications. In this article, we study the ionospheric ordinary and extraordinary waves to improve the applications of near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) on a single input multiple output (SIMO) configuration. To obtain the results, we established a link of 95 km to test the diversity combining of ordinary and extraordinary waves by using selection combining (SC) and equal-gain combining (EGC) on a remote sensing platform. The testbench is based on digital modulation transmissions with power transmission between 3 and 100 W. The results show us the main energy per bit to noise spectral density ratio (Eb/N0) and the bit error rate (BER) differences between ordinary and extraordinary waves, SC, and EGC. To conclude, diversity techniques show us a decrease of the power transmission need, allowing for the use of compact antennas and increasing battery autonomy. Furthermore, we present three different improvement options for NVIS SIMO remote sensing platforms depending on the requirements of bitrate, power consumption, and efficiency of communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Polarization Techniques for Robust NVIS Remote Sensing Platforms

et al. 2020

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“…A poor definition of the data frame could imply intersymbol interference (ISI) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) fadings. Two different data frames were used to perform our tests, which were designed on the basis of earlier studies and the soundings of the ionospheric channel [ 27 ]. Figure 5 displays a graphical representation of the first type of signal sent (Frame number 1), which was composed by a total of 50 data groups (we named these structures “packets”), each formed by three different modulations: Phase-shift keying (PSK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).…”

Section: Sounding Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Ordinary and Extraordinary Ionospheric Modes for NVIS Digital Communications Channels

Male

Porte

Gonzalez

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Sensor networks have become more popular in recent years, now featuring plenty of options and capabilities. Notwithstanding this, remote locations present many difficulties for their study and monitoring. High-frequency (HF) communications are presented as an alternative to satellite communications, being a low-cost and easy-to-deploy solution. Near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) technology provides a coverage of approximately 250 km (depending on the frequency being used and the ionospheric conditions) without a line of sight using the ionosphere as a communication channel. This paper centers on the study of the ionosphere and its characteristic waves as two independent channels in order to improve any NVIS link, increasing its robustness or decreasing the size of the node antennas through the appliance of specific techniques. We studied the channel sounding of both the ordinary and extraordinary waves and their respective channels, analyzing parameters such as the delay spread and the channel’s availability for each wave. The frequency instability of the hardware used was also measured. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient of the impulse response between both signals was studied. Finally, we applied polarization diversity and two different combining techniques. These measurements were performed on a single frequency link, tuned to 5.4 MHz. An improvement on the mean bit energy-to-noise power spectral density (Eb/N0) was received and the bit error rate (BER) was achieved. The results obtained showed that the extraordinary mode had a higher availability throughout the day (15% more availability), but a delayed spread (approximately 0.3 ms mean value), similar to those of the ordinary wave. Furthermore, an improvement of up to 4 dB was achieved with the usage of polarization diversity, thus reducing transmission errors.

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“…On the other side, for testing the prototype [54,55] with the lowest spectrum noise, a base node has been installed in the Spanish Antarctica base Juan Carlos I in Livingston Island. Other two remote nodes have been installed in Livingston Island, one in Argentina Cove (1.28 km from the central node) and the other one in Rocky Glacier (Fig.…”

Section: Prototype Of a Functional Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous wireless IoT architecture for natural disaster monitorization

Porte

Briones

Maso

et al. 2020

J Wireless Com Network

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A heterogeneous sensor network offers an extremely effective means of communicating with the international community, first responders, and humanitarian assistance agencies as long as affected populations have access to the Internet during disasters. When communication networks fail in an emergency situation, a challenge emerges when emergency services try to communicate with each other. In such situations, field data can be collected from nearby sensors deploying a wireless sensor network and a delay-tolerant network over the region to monitor. When data has to be sent to the operations center without any telecommunication infrastructure available, HF, satellite, and high-altitude platforms are the unique options, being HF with Near Vertical Incidence Skywave the most cost-effective and easy-to-install solution. Sensed data in disaster situations could serve a wide range of interests and needs (scientific, technical, and operational information for decision-makers). The proposed monitorization architecture addresses the communication with the public during emergencies using movable and deployable resource unit technologies for sensing, exchanging, and distributing information for humanitarian organizations. The challenge is to show how sensed data and information management contribute to a more effective and timely response to improve the quality of life of the affected populations. Our proposal was tested under real emergency conditions in Europe and Antarctica.

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Sensing System for Remote Areas in Antarctica

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Ionospheric Polarization Techniques for Robust NVIS Remote Sensing Platforms

Ionospheric Polarization Techniques for Robust NVIS Remote Sensing Platforms

Analysis of the Ordinary and Extraordinary Ionospheric Modes for NVIS Digital Communications Channels

Heterogeneous wireless IoT architecture for natural disaster monitorization

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