Sensing the penetration of nanodiamond along different skin layers according to their optical properties

Abstract

Imaging in opaque media is limited in spatial resolution. Therefore, detection of nanoelements that are behind the imaging resolution limit is challenging. In this work, we used the iterative multiplane optical properties extraction (IMOPE) technique to detect nanoparticles (NP) within the different skin layers. The IMOPE technique was originally designed for detecting NPs in turbid environment based on their scattering property. However, the scattering depends on the size of the particle, therefore detecting extremely small particles, with negligible scattering, was still a challenge for the IMOPE technique. In our work, we adapted the IMOPE technique to detect nanodiamonds (ND) as such, with negligible scattering but nonnegligible absorption, inside the different layers of the skin. In the following manuscript we present an extension of the automated technique, that is more robust and applicable to non-symmetrical samples.