Sensitive and rapid detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk utilizing enhanced SPR and p(HEMA) brushes

Highly Efficient Intramolecular Electrochemiluminescence Energy Transfer for Ultrasensitive Bioanalysis of Aflatoxin M1

“…14 The maximum residue level of AFM1 in dairy products was strictly formulated worldwide due to the stability of AFM1 in milk sterilization (China and the U.S. have a legal limit of 0.5 ng/g). 15 As we known, the traditional method for quantification of the remnant AFM1 suffers from the disadvantages of expensive instrument and relatively lower sensitivity, 16 so it is urgent to find a new way to achieve ultrasensitive detection in dairy products. Over the past years, nucleic acid amplification have became increasingly promising strategies for sensitive bio-detection.…”

“…[14] The maximum residue level of AFM1 in dairy products was strictlyf ormulated worldwide due to the stability of AFM1 in milk sterilization (China and the U.S. have al egal limit of 0.5 ng g À1 ). [15] As we know,t he traditional method for quantification of the remnant AFM1 suffers from the disadvantages of expensive instrument and relativelyl ower sensitivity, [16] so there is an urgentn eed to find an ew way to achieveu ltrasensitive detection in dairy products.O ver the past years, nucleic acid amplification has become an increasingly promising strategy for sensitiveb iodetection. [17] Especially,t arget-induced strand displacementa mplification (SDA), which was initiated by combining the target and template DNA to trigger the polymerization and singlestrand nicking reactioni nt he presento fp olymerase, nicking enzyme and dNTPs, has been widely applied to nucleic acid detection with high efficiency and adaptability.…”

Thin Films Sensor Devices for Mycotoxins Detection in Foods: Applications and Challenges

“…Two surface architectures were used for the immobilization of AFM1 and of the primary antibody on the gold surface. The first, (A), was based on a bicomponent SAM with polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties and, the second, (B), used poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) marked as p(HEMA) brush (Figure 3; reproduced with permission from [100] ©Elsevier, 2018). Both sensors were characterized in terms of surface mass density of the immobilized AFM1 conjugate as well as affinity bound of primary and secondary antibodies.…”

“…The highest signal amplification was obtained for diameters of 40 nm and for distances greater than 50 nm between the nanoparticles and the gold surface leading to enhancement factors greater than 100. A similar AuNPs enhanced SPR thin film immunosensor was constructed for a fast and sensitive detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and dairy products by Karczmarczyk et al [100]. In this work, and similarly to reference [97], the sensor chip was prepared on the top of a BK7 glass substrate that was coated with a 41 nm thick gold layer.…”

“…On the other hand, the sensor with p(HEMA) exhibited a LOD of 18 pg·mL −1 , which is more than two-times lower compared to that on thiol SAM with PEG groups. The biosensor [100] was highly sensitive towards AFM1 in milk, allowing its detection in a low time-period (55 min), showing a sensitivity of at least one order of magnitude higher compared to the those reported by other methods, including electrochemistry [101] or indirect and direct ELISA [102]. Another interesting optical approach is the use of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), which has been attracting the attention of researchers because of its potentially high sensitivity [103,104].…”