Sensitive caregiving and reward responsivity: A novel mechanism linking parenting and executive functions development in early childhood

Werchan, Denise M.; Ku, Seulki; Berry, Daniel; Blair, Clancy

doi:10.1111/desc.13293

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Variables such as socioeconomic level, maternal education, history of neurodevelopmental disorders in the family, limited opportunities, conditions of adversity, bilingualism, child temperament, IQ, language, and early trauma can influence the development of EFs (Motsan et al, 2021;Waters et al, 2021). Related to parenting, factors such as parent-child interaction, the quality of care, the environment in which a child is educated, secure attachment, autonomy support, mind-mindedness, adversities in life, and stress can also influence children's EFs (Brown et al, 2022;Werchan et al, 2022). Therefore, it is relevant to control these variables in early EF research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges in the Assessment of Executive Functions in Under 36 Months: a Scoping Review

Escobar-Ruiz,

Arias-Vázquez,

Tovilla-Zárate

et al. 2023

Adv Neurodev Disord

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Objectives Neurodevelopmental disorders present deficits in executive functions (EFs). Before 36 months old, EFs act as basic abilities that allow adequate executive functioning at later ages. Three basic EFs are assessable before the child reaches 36 months old: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. This review aims to provide an overview of the progress and difficulties in assessing these three basic executive functions before children reach 36 months old. Methods Four databases were systematically searched without time or language limitations. The selection process was done using a PRISMA flowchart for scoping reviews. Sixteen studies were included, all in English and published between 2004 and 2021. Results Out of 277 studies, 16 met the inclusion criteria. The general data of the studies were summarized, such as sample age, type of study, measurement features, types of EFs assessed, task names, internal structure, reliability, and main contributions. The findings on available tasks and scales, factor structure, biological and environmental factors, and the variables influencing EFs before 36 months old are described. Conclusions Multiple factors influenced the evolution of EFs. The unidimensional model seems to better explain EFs before 36 months old. Expanding psychometric research with large samples and studying samples of children with symptoms at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders may help to improve the measurement of EFs before 36 months old.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges in the Assessment of Executive Functions in Under 36 Months: a Scoping Review

Escobar-Ruiz,

Arias-Vázquez,

Tovilla-Zárate

et al. 2023

Adv Neurodev Disord

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“…De esta manera, de acuerdo con diversos autores (Samuelson et al, 2012;Thisara et al, 2022;Werchan et al, 2022) las madres que se preocupan, apoyan y se abstienen de criticar, gritar o castigar físicamente a sus hijos e hijas pueden ser más propensas a proporcionar un ambiente organizado y cohesivo que facilite el desarrollo de habilidades de organización y PLA en ellos/as.…”

Section: Competencias Parentales Y Funciones Ejecutivas En La Infanciaunclassified

“…El desarrollo humano se encuentra influenciado, en gran medida, por el contexto social, cultural e histórico (Vargas & Arán, 2014;Werchan et al, 2022). Desde la teoría ecológica de Bronfenbrenner (1979) se reconoce que las personas no estarían determinadas sólo por componentes ontogenéticos, sino que, además, existirían factores ambientales, que podrían favorecer u obstaculizar su desarrollo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A luz de estos antecedentes se puede corroborar que los estilos parentales son muy importantes en el desarrollo cognitivo y ejecutivo de niños y niñas (Conway et al, 2019;Treat et al, 2017). Múltiples estudios han confirmado que un estilo de crianza positivo basado en un cuidado cálido y sensible, estimulación activa, acompañamiento en las diversas etapas del desarrollo, apego seguro, sensibilidad parental y estabilidad emocional permitirá un adecuado desarrollo de las FE en la infancia (Vargas & Arán, 2014;Velarde & Ramírez, 2017;Werchan et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Competencias parentales y su influencia en la inhibición y planificación de escolares

et al. 2023

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Las experiencias relacionales tempranas de cuidados a través de las habilidades parentales y de crianza cumplen un rol fundamental en el desarrollo tanto cerebral y cognitivo, como socioafectivo de los/as niños/as. A pesar de esta evidencia, son escasas las investigaciones sobre la influencia de la parentalidad en las funciones ejecutivas de inhibición y planificación en la infancia. Por lo mismo, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de las competencias parentales vinculares, formativas, protectoras y reflexivas en las funciones ejecutivas de inhibición y planificación de 96 niños/as de primero básico de escuelas de la región de Valparaíso, Chile y sus padres/madres/cuidadores/as. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Parentalidad Positiva e2p y las subpruebas de construcción con anillas e interferencia de la Batería de Evaluación Neuropsicológica de las Funciones Ejecutivas en niños/as ENFEN. Se realizaron análisis de correlación de Pearson y análisis ANOVA unidireccionales. Los resultados evidenciaron una influencia significativa de todas las competencias parentales en las habilidades de planificación de los/as niños/as y solo de las competencias parentales protectoras en la inhibición. Resultados que pueden servir como evidencia para el diseño e implementación en las escuelas de programas tanto de parentalidad y crianza positiva como de estimulación de las FE, que promuevan el desarrollo cognitivo y socioafectivo en los/as niños/as.

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“…Noting that early years form a critical period for children's growth and development, engagement in stimulating activities promotes their optimal growth and development. Studies focused on early deprivation and institutionalisation of children have also supported early stimulation for optimal cognitive development (Werchan et al, 2022). Due to the high brain plasticity at this age, positive early experiences such as play, and stimulation have a major in uence on a child's cognitive ability.…”

Section: Zambia Rural Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Parental stress and child stimulation practices: examining associations with child developmental outcomes over time in Kenya and Zambia

Okelo

Murray

King

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Parental stress often arises when parenting demands exceed the expected and actual resources available for the parents to succeed in the parenting role. Parental stress is an important contributor to parent-child relationships. This in turn affects opportunities to engage their children in stimulating activities which could improve children’s development outcomes. However, limited evidence exists from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) on the association between parental stress, caregiving practices and child developmental outcomes. Methods The findings reported in this paper were derived from data collected through previously conducted longitudinal nurturing care evaluation studies in Kisumu and Nairobi Counties in Kenya, and Chisamba District in Zambia. A total of 341 caregivers and their children who participated in the three rounds of data collection were included in this study. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel model (RI-CLPM) was used to determine the association between caregivers’ parenting stress, child stimulation practices, and child developmental outcomes. Results The findings showed that caregiver stimulation practices were positively associated with children’s developmental outcomes. The findings on the associations between parental stress and caregiver’s stimulation practices and children’s developmental outcomes were not universally supported. Conclusion The findings show that improved caregiver stimulation practices are likely to improve children’s developmental outcomes. The policy implications of the findings from this study focus on improving parenting practices by addressing predictors of parental stress. This includes creating awareness and subsidising childcare services to alleviate the costs related to childcare. Trial registration PACTR20180774832663

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Sensitive caregiving and reward responsivity: A novel mechanism linking parenting and executive functions development in early childhood

Cited by 6 publications

References 98 publications

Advances and Challenges in the Assessment of Executive Functions in Under 36 Months: a Scoping Review

Advances and Challenges in the Assessment of Executive Functions in Under 36 Months: a Scoping Review

Competencias parentales y su influencia en la inhibición y planificación de escolares

Parental stress and child stimulation practices: examining associations with child developmental outcomes over time in Kenya and Zambia

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