Sensitive Determination of SARS-COV-2 and the Anti-hepatitis C Virus Agent Velpatasvir Enabled by Novel Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract

Herein, we report on the electrochemical determination of velpatasvir (VLP) as the main constituent of Epclusa, a SARS-COV-2 and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agent, using a novel metal–organic framework (MOF). The NH2-MIL-53­(Al) MOF was successfully modified with 5-bromo-salicylaldehyde to synthesize 5-BSA=N-MIL-53­(Al) MOF. The synthesized MOF has been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified MOF showed higher electrochemical activity and response than the bare NH2-MIL-53­(Al) MOF. Compared to the bare carbon paste electrode (CPE), the 5-BSA=N-MIL-53­(Al)/CPE platform was shown to enhance the electrochemical oxidation and detection of the anti-SARS-COV-2 and anti-HCV agent. Under optimized conditions, the 5-BSA=N-MIL-53­(Al)/CPE platform showed a linear range of 1.11 × 10–6 to 1.11 × 10–7 and 1.11 × 10–7 to 25.97 × 10–6 M Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 7) with a detection limit and limit of quantification of 8.776 × 10–9 and 2.924 × 10–8 M, respectively. Repeatability, storage stability, and reproducibility in addition to selectivity studies and interference studies were conducted to illustrate the superiority of the electrode material. The study also included a highly accurate platform for the determination of VLP concentrations in both urine and plasma samples with reasonable recovery.

Robust and Ultrasensitive Chemosensor Based on Bifunctionalized MIL‐101(Al) for Fluorescent Detection of Ferric Ions in Serum and Pharmaceutical Tablets

“…[21][22][23] The new band appeared at 1648 cm À 1 in the spectrum of the 5-FSA = N-MIL-101(Al) sensor, which can be attributed to the azomethine group À C=N, confirms the formation of the imine group. The crystal structure and phase purity of [21][22][23] Here, the amine groups reacted with the 5-FSA to produce a sensor with bidentate chelates (salicylidene moiety), as shown in Scheme 1. The surface morphology of the NH 2 -MIL-101(Al) and 5-FSA = N-MIL-101(Al) sensors were detected by SEM and TEM (Figure 2).…”

“…The structure and morphology of the This proved the formation of imine groups upon the amine reaction of the NH 2 -MIL-101(Al) with the aldehyde group of the 5-FSA and some of the amino groups that may be in the pores still unreacted. [21][22][23] The new band appeared at 1648 cm À 1 in the spectrum of the 5-FSA = N-MIL-101(Al) sensor, which can be attributed to the azomethine group À C=N, confirms the formation of the imine group. The crystal structure and phase purity of [21][22][23] Here, the amine groups reacted with the 5-FSA to produce a sensor with bidentate chelates (salicylidene moiety), as shown in Scheme 1.…”

“…The great match between these peaks for the substrate and the 5‐FSA sensor indicates a high degree of similarity in the crystalline morphology. It also proved that the modification of the NH 2 ‐MIL‐101(Al) with 5‐FSA to form the 5‐FSA=N‐MIL‐101(Al) sensor did not affect the basic crystal lattice structure of the NH 2 ‐MIL‐101(Al) [21–23] . Here, the amine groups reacted with the 5‐FSA to produce a sensor with bidentate chelates (salicylidene moiety), as shown in Scheme 1.…”

“…The amine group (-NH 2 ) is extensively used as it is directly introduced into various MOFs during the MOF formation process. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Herein, we reported the fabrication of a novel material based on the Schiff base reaction to achieve covalent bonding of NH 2 -MIL À 101(Al) and the 5-formylsalicylic acid (5-FSA). The amino-functionalized MOF; 5-FSA-N = MIL-101(Al) was utilized as a novel fluorescent sensor for Fe 3 + ions detection in environmental and pharmaceutical samples.…”

Functionalized MOF as a Sensitive Spectroscopic Probe for Hg2+, Co2+, and Al3+ Ions Detection in Aqueous Media

“…In the postsynthetic functionalized Al-MIL-53-N=SA-Br IR spectra, this sharp peak had also decreased, and a new band subsequent to the C=N group developed at 1434 cm –1 . 22 , 23 The band corresponding to 2-aminoterephthalic acid’s C–N stretching vibrations shifted from 1010 to 1000 cm –1 , indicating the amino group’s transition. As indicated in Scheme 1 , the Al-MIL-53-N=SA-Br possesses two binding sites (N and O) that can be coordinated with metal ions.…”