Sensitive Hemoglobin Concentration Sensor Based on Graphene-Plasmonic Nano-structures

Abstract

In this paper, half-cylindrical-shaped rods are arranged in a row in order to form hemoglobin concentration sensors. The proposed structures can effectively detect hemoglobin concentrations in blood samples. Five individual structures based on graphene-plasmonic combinations are proposed and investigated. The proposed structures are made of different layers of Au, Ag, SiO 2 , and graphene. Different plates and cylindrical-shaped graphene layers are introduced in the structures to improve the functionality (absorption peak value and wavelength) of the absorber (sensor). Adding more Au layers strengthens the confinement of the incident electromagnetic waves and improves the absorption factor. Also, in the proposed structures, for improving the results, the effects of the chemical potential of graphene layers and “G” (graphene layer thicknesses) on the absorption peak and wavelength are considered. The final suggested structure indicates unity absorption peak and thus can be utilized in wide ranges of applications. As a refractive index bio-sensor, the structure is considered for detecting hemoglobin concentrations in blood samples which indicates a reasonable sensitivity factor of 570 nm/RIU.

A Sensitive Biosensor Based on Plasmonic-Graphene Configuration for Detection of COVID-19 Virus

“…Considering Fig. 2 a, the following relation can be considered between the transmission, absorption and reflection spectra [ 7 , 8 ]: …”

“…Graphene structures are based on the combination of carbon atoms in organized configurations which have unbelievable electrical, optical and thermal characteristics [ 7 ]. They can be considered in different configurations like plate-shaped, cylindrical-shaped [ 8 ], ring-shaped [ 9 ] or 1-D (one-dimensional) photonic crystal (PC) -shaped [ 10 ] structures.…”

“…In other words, SPR can be utilized to conquer the diffraction limits in nano-dimension optical structures. Therefore, the plasmonic-graphene nano structures can be considered as the biosensors for detecting different elements like hemoglobin [ 8 ], glucose [ 11 ] and also for detection of different viruses like COVID-19 [ 12 ], MERS [ 13 ] and etc.…”

“…In [ 8 ], various graphene-plasmonic based structures were reported for detecting hemoglobin concentrations in the blood samples. They reported the sensitivity of 570 nm/RIU for their proposed sensor [ 8 ].…”

“…In [ 8 ], various graphene-plasmonic based structures were reported for detecting hemoglobin concentrations in the blood samples. They reported the sensitivity of 570 nm/RIU for their proposed sensor [ 8 ]. In another research [ 21 ], efficient miniaturized plasmonic sensor with narrow line shapes in THz frequencies was suggested for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus protein at low level.…”