Sensitive Periods for the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and BMI

Sokol, Rebeccah L.; Gottfredson, Nisha C.; Poti, Jennifer M.; Shanahan, Meghan; Halpern, Carolyn Tucker; Fisher, Edwin B.; Ennett, Susan T.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.05.016

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Positive associations between childhood maltreatment and CVD subtypes and BMI have been reported extensively 5,36 but associations with other CVD risk factors such as blood pressure and lipids are less established. 36 We replicated previously observed associations between maltreatment increasing BMI [32][33][34] , smoking behaviour 6,37 , and decreasing SBP. 38,39 Interpretability of interactions and effect modifications Interaction and effect modification are terms commonly used interchangeably despite representing subtly different concepts.…”

Section: Results In Contextsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Reports of sex differences in the association between childhood maltreatment subtypes and CVD have been mixed, 6,13,[32][33][34][35] however we did not identify any sex-specific differences. Replication and validation using other cohorts may elucidate whether we missed modification and sex-specific effects due to lack of statistical power.…”

Section: Results In Contextcontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Investigating childhood maltreatment as a modifier of genetic risk for cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank

Urquijo¹,

Soares²,

Fraser³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Childhood maltreatment is associated with CVD and may modify genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular risk factors. We used genetic and phenotypic data from 100,833 White British UK Biobank participants (57% female; mean age = 55.9 years). We regressed nine cardiovascular risk factors/diseases (alcohol consumption, body mass index [BMI], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lifetime smoking behaviour, systolic blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke) on their respective polygenic scores (PGS) and self-reported exposure to childhood maltreatment. Effect modification was tested on the additive and multiplicative scales by including a product term (PGS*maltreatment) in regression models. On the additive scale, childhood maltreatment accentuated the effect of genetic susceptibility to higher BMI. Individuals not exposed to childhood maltreatment had an increase in BMI of 0.12 SD (95% CI: 0.11, 0.12) per SD increase in BMI PGS, compared to 0.17 SD (95% CI: 0.14, 0.019) in those exposed to all types of childhood maltreatment. On the multiplicative scale, similar results were obtained for BMI though these did not withstand to Bonferroni correction. There was little evidence of effect modification by childhood maltreatment in relation to other outcomes, or of sex-specific effect modification. Our study suggests the effects of genetic susceptibility to a higher BMI may be moderately accentuated in individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment. However, gene*environment interactions are likely not a major contributor to the excess CVD burden experienced by childhood maltreatment victims.

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Section: Results In Contextsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Results In Contextcontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigating childhood maltreatment as a modifier of genetic risk for cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank

Urquijo¹,

Soares²,

Fraser³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…We also noted that the effect of childhood exposures to sexual violence on elevated BMI, overweight/obesity/adiposity manifests during sensitive periods of adolescent development into early adulthood. Scholarship has focused mainly on elucidating at what developmental periods childhood maltreatment generally impacts elevated BMI and obesity, with late adolescence/early adulthood emerging as a sensitive period [ 9 , 96 ]. For example, Sokol et al, (2018) [ 97 ] tested childhood exposures to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and found that these yielded different BMI growth trajectories between the ages of 13 to 28 years for males and females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly neither of these studies included examination of pre-pubertal growth trajectories, thus potential earlier impacts are unknown. In particular, girls’ exposure to sexual abuse between 13 and 17 years was positively associated with BMI in late adolescence to early adulthood, from 19 to 24.5 years of age [ 96 ]. A meta-analysis of over 40 studies reported a higher risk of obesity in adulthood, following exposure to child maltreatment, not childhood/adolescence [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research

Vahedi

Orjuela‐Grimm²,

Bhatt-Carreno³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background An emerging evidence base has explored the nutritional consequences of gender-based violence (GBV) perpetrated against girls during childhood/adolescence. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment of quantitative studies describing associations between GBV and girls’ nutrition. Methods We adapted systematic review methods and included empirical, peer-reviewed studies, published after 2000 (until November, 2022), that were written in Spanish or English and reported quantitative associations between girls’ exposure to GBV and nutrition outcomes. A variety of GBV forms were considered: childhood sexual abuse (CSA), child marriage, preferential feeding of boys, sexual IPV and dating violence. Nutrition outcomes included anemia, underweight, overweight, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, meal frequency, and dietary diversity. Results In total, 18 studies were included, 13 of which were conducted in high-income countries. Most sources utilized longitudinal or cross-sectional data to quantify associations between CSA, sexual assault, and intimate partner/dating violence and elevated BMI/overweight/obesity/adiposity. Findings suggest that CSA perpetrated by parents/caregivers is associated with elevated BMI/overweight/obesity/adiposity via cortisol reactivity and depression; this relationship may be compounded by additional intimate partner/dating violence in adolescence. The effects of sexual violence on BMI are likely to emerge during a sensitive period of development between late adolescence and young adulthood. Emerging evidence was found regarding the relationship between child marriage (and the related exposure: age at first pregnancy) and undernutrition. The association between sexual abuse and reduced height and leg length was inconclusive. Conclusion Given that only 18 studies were included, the relationship between girls’ direct exposure to GBV and malnutrition has received little empirical attention, especially with respect to studies conducted in LMIC and fragile settings. Most studies focused on CSA and overweight/obesity, where significant associations were found. Future research should test the moderation and mediation effects of intermediary variables (depression, PTSD, cortisol reactivity, impulsivity, emotional eating) and consider sensitive periods of development. Research should also explore the nutritional consequences of child marriage.

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Longitudinal associations between child discipline methods and physical growth patterns across preschool years

Wong,

Tung,

et al. 2024

Obesity

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ObjectiveResearch has documented the associations of child maltreatment with a range of physical health problems, but little is known about the physical growth patterns of children who experience maltreatment in early childhood. This study aimed to examine the association between various discipline approaches and physical growth in preschool‐aged children.MethodsIn the first year of preschool, parents of 661 Chinese preschool‐aged children completed a questionnaire with items pertaining to the frequency of using physical maltreatment, psychological aggression, neglect, and nonviolent discipline toward the child. Children's weight and height were assessed annually using direct assessment in the first and two subsequent years. Longitudinal analyses were performed using multiple regression models.ResultsMore frequent neglect and psychological aggression during the first year of preschool were associated with a higher likelihood of a decreased BMI z score in subsequent years. Conversely, increased experience of physical maltreatment in the first year was associated with an increased likelihood of having overweight or obesity in the third year.ConclusionsResults indicate that early maltreatment experience can impact physical growth. This highlights the importance of preventing abusive parenting and encouraging healthy habits in young children who have experienced maltreatment to decrease their future risk for weight problems.

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Sensitive Periods for the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and BMI

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Investigating childhood maltreatment as a modifier of genetic risk for cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank

Investigating childhood maltreatment as a modifier of genetic risk for cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank

Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research

Longitudinal associations between child discipline methods and physical growth patterns across preschool years

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