Sensitive voltammetric responses and mechanistic insights into the determination of residue levels of endosulfan in fresh foodstuffs and raw natural waters

Electrochemical Detection of Endosulfan Using an AONP-PANI-SWCNT Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…Despite the ban on most of these chemicals decades ago, OCPs are amongst the most commonly detected analytes globally, and they continue to be found in several matrices such as soil, river sediments, and surface water. Some developing countries are dependent on OCPs in large quantities for agricultural purposes due to their cost efficiency and pest-control efficacy [ 7 , 8 ]. EDS is reportedly one of the most abundant OCPs in the global atmosphere, and, owing to its stability as well as persistence, it has found an entry into the food chain and, consequently, to the human system, where it is stored in the lipid portion of adipose tissue [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Each of these methods, as much as they provide significant sensitivity and reliability, has a number of drawbacks. One of these drawbacks is that they require laborious steps of sample extraction and cleanup, resulting in time delays [ 8 , 24 ]. Therefore, there is a need for the development of novel methods that are cost efficient, simple, more sensitive, accurate, and suitable for onsite analysis of EDS and other important environmental analytes.…”

“…A variety of nanomaterials such as graphene nanofibers, metal nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes, polymers, and metal-oxide NPs with distinctive chemical and physical properties have been developed and incorporated in electrochemical sensors for the detection of different OCPs with outstanding results [ 25 ]. To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few reports on the electrochemical detection of EDS [ 8 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Ribeiro et al [ 8 ] described an electroanalytical methodology for the detection of EDS on a hanging mercury-drop electrode (HMDE).…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few reports on the electrochemical detection of EDS [ 8 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Ribeiro et al [ 8 ] described an electroanalytical methodology for the detection of EDS on a hanging mercury-drop electrode (HMDE). Prabu and Manisankar [ 26 ] employed a square wave voltammetry method for the electrochemical studies of EDS on a glassy carbon electrode.…”

Recent Applications of Mercury Electrodes for Monitoring of Pesticides: A Critical Review

“…C−X bond is also reduced in endosulfan (Fig. E) where a radical is formed due to one electron reduction of C−Cl at C(7). This radical is further reduced in the second step involving one electron and one proton.…”